Refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties in Mo-Y2O3 alloys prepared by freeze-drying method and subsequent low temperature sintering

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.01.064

Abstract

Abstract:

The ultrafine Mo-Y₂O₃ composite powders were successfully synthesized by innovative freeze-drying method. Consequently, the freeze-dried Mo-Y₂O₃ composite powders with high sintering activities possess an average grain size of 54 nm. After low temperature sintering at 1600 °C, the Mo-Y₂O₃ alloys maintaining a high density (99.6 %) have the finest grain size (620 nm) comparing with available literature about oxide dispersion strengthened molybdenum alloy (ODS-Mo). The oxide particles remain their small size (mainly <50 nm) within Mo grains and at Mo grain boundaries. Furthermore, the Y₅Mo₂O₁₂ particles were firstly observed within Mo matrix, and its formation can absorb nearby oxygen impurities, which involves the purification of Mo matrix. The mechanical properties show that Mo-Y₂O₃ alloy possess a high hardness of 487 ± 28 HV_0.2, a high yield strength of 902 MPa, a high compressive strength of 1110 MPa, respectively. Our work suggests that freeze-drying and subsequent low temperature sintering can shed light on the preparation of ultrafine ODS-Mo alloys with high performance.

Key words: Mo-Y₂O₃, Freeze-drying, Low temperature sintering, Ultrafine grains, Y₅Mo₂O₁₂ particles

Weiqiang Hu, Tao Sun, Chenxi Liu, Liming Yu, Tansir Ahamad, Zongqing Ma. Refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties in Mo-Y₂O₃ alloys prepared by freeze-drying method and subsequent low temperature sintering[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 88: 36-44.

Figures/Tables 9

References 49

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Alloy composition	Preparation process	Powder grain size	Alloy grain size	Relative density	Second phase size	Vickers hardness	Year + Reference
Mo- 1 wt%Y₂O₃	Freeze-drying + PSH, 1600 ℃	85 nm	620 nm	99.6 %	<50 nm	487 ± 28 HV_0.2	In this work
Mo- 1 wt%Y₂O₃	Freeze-drying + PSH, 1600 ℃	85 nm	620 nm	99.6 %	few 100 nm	487 ± 28 HV_0.2	In this work
Mo- 1 wt%Y₂O₃	MA + PSH, 1600 ℃	26.5 nm (XRD)	2.17 μm	97.5 %	253 nm	382 ± 39 HV_0.2	In this work
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 2000 ℃	-	10-30 μm	94 %	200 nm	210-240 HV	2017+ [2]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1800 ℃	<3 μm	50 μm	97 %	<500 nm	168-236 HV	2016+ [26]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1800 ℃	<3 μm	50 μm	97 %	<500 nm	286-348 HV (after rolling)	2016+ [26]
Mo-Al₂O₃ (0-40 vol.%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1900 ℃	2.1 μm	10 μm	95 %-	3-6 μm	384 HV	2016+ [4]
Mo-Al₂O₃ (0-40 vol.%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1900 ℃	2.1 μm	10 μm	97.5 %	3-6 μm	384 HV	2016+ [4]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + sintering + Rolling + Annealing, 1400 ℃	-	20-60 μm	95 %	200 nm	300-350 HV	2018+ [1]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.3 wt%-2.5 wt%)	MA+HIP, 1800-1900℃	1-10 μm	3-20 μm	97.4 %-98.7 %	100-700nm	-	2018+ [29]
Mo/ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (0-5 vol.%)	MA/Chemical + PSH, 1920 ℃+Swaging (800/1200℃)	1-5 μm	<10 μm	94 %-98 %	<100 nm	175-325 HV	2018+ [43]
Mo-4 wt%La₂O₃	Sol-gel + PSH, 1300-1700℃	30-40 nm	-	98.3 %-98.8 %	<400 nm	-	2005+ [31]
Mo-La₂O₃	powder metallurgy + Rolling, 1150-1850 ℃	-	>50 μm	-	500 nm	258-517 MPa	2011+ [33]
Mo-0.15 %Y -0.15 %Ce	S-L doping +PSH,1900℃	10 μm	20∼500 μm	-	Y₂O₃	-	2013+ [12]
					>100 nm
					CeO₂
					50-200 nm
Mo-0.8 %La₂O₃-2%ZrC	MA + PSH,1950 ℃+ Rolling	-	10 μm 1.65 μm (after rolling)	95 %	3 μm	326 HV	2019+ [6]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0 wt%-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH + Rolling	-	10 μm	-	100 nm	-	2018+ [32]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.26 wt%-0.28 wt%)	S-S doping +PSH, 1850℃+Annealing, 1100 ℃	-	6.8 μm	-	93 nm (at Mo interior)/0.23 μm (at Mo GBs)	-	2017+ [11]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.26 wt%-0.28 wt%)	S-S doping +PSH, 1850℃+Annealing, 1100 ℃	-	29 μm	-	93 nm (at Mo interior)/0.23 μm (at Mo GBs)	-	2017+ [11]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.26 wt%-0.28 wt%)	S-L doping +PSH,1850℃+Annealing, 1100 ℃	-	2.7 μm 38 μm	-	65 nm (at Mo interior)/ 0.18 μm (at Mo GBs)	-	2017+ [11]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0-2 wt%)	MA + PSH, 1900 ℃+ Rolling	-	15-35 μm	94.5 %-95.7 %/ 98.6 %-99.4 % (after rolling)	<50 nm (at Mo interior)/ <100 nm (at Mo GBs)	-	2015+ [5]
Mo-30 wt%Y₂O₃	Sol-gel + SPS, 1500 ℃	-	3 μm	-	-	-	2010+ [25]
Mo-La₂O₃	Chemical +HIP,	-	5 μm	-	3 μm	-	2006+ [7]
-Y₂O₃	1800 ℃	-	5 μm	-	3 μm	-	2006+ [7]
Mo-La₂O₃-Y₂O₃	Sol-gel + SPS, 1500 ℃	-	5 μm	-	3 μm	-	2010+ [30]

Alloy composition	Preparation process	Powder grain size	Alloy grain size	Relative density	Second phase size	Vickers hardness	Year + Reference
Mo- 1 wt%Y₂O₃	Freeze-drying + PSH, 1600 ℃	85 nm	620 nm	99.6 %	<50 nm	487 ± 28 HV_0.2	In this work
Mo- 1 wt%Y₂O₃	Freeze-drying + PSH, 1600 ℃	85 nm	620 nm	99.6 %	few 100 nm	487 ± 28 HV_0.2	In this work
Mo- 1 wt%Y₂O₃	MA + PSH, 1600 ℃	26.5 nm (XRD)	2.17 μm	97.5 %	253 nm	382 ± 39 HV_0.2	In this work
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 2000 ℃	-	10-30 μm	94 %	200 nm	210-240 HV	2017+ [2]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1800 ℃	<3 μm	50 μm	97 %	<500 nm	168-236 HV	2016+ [26]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1800 ℃	<3 μm	50 μm	97 %	<500 nm	286-348 HV (after rolling)	2016+ [26]
Mo-Al₂O₃ (0-40 vol.%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1900 ℃	2.1 μm	10 μm	95 %-	3-6 μm	384 HV	2016+ [4]
Mo-Al₂O₃ (0-40 vol.%)	Hydrothermal + PSH, 1900 ℃	2.1 μm	10 μm	97.5 %	3-6 μm	384 HV	2016+ [4]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + sintering + Rolling + Annealing, 1400 ℃	-	20-60 μm	95 %	200 nm	300-350 HV	2018+ [1]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.3 wt%-2.5 wt%)	MA+HIP, 1800-1900℃	1-10 μm	3-20 μm	97.4 %-98.7 %	100-700nm	-	2018+ [29]
Mo/ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (0-5 vol.%)	MA/Chemical + PSH, 1920 ℃+Swaging (800/1200℃)	1-5 μm	<10 μm	94 %-98 %	<100 nm	175-325 HV	2018+ [43]
Mo-4 wt%La₂O₃	Sol-gel + PSH, 1300-1700℃	30-40 nm	-	98.3 %-98.8 %	<400 nm	-	2005+ [31]
Mo-La₂O₃	powder metallurgy + Rolling, 1150-1850 ℃	-	>50 μm	-	500 nm	258-517 MPa	2011+ [33]
Mo-0.15 %Y -0.15 %Ce	S-L doping +PSH,1900℃	10 μm	20∼500 μm	-	Y₂O₃	-	2013+ [12]
					>100 nm
					CeO₂
					50-200 nm
Mo-0.8 %La₂O₃-2%ZrC	MA + PSH,1950 ℃+ Rolling	-	10 μm 1.65 μm (after rolling)	95 %	3 μm	326 HV	2019+ [6]
Mo-ZrO₂ (0 wt%-1.5 wt%)	Hydrothermal + PSH + Rolling	-	10 μm	-	100 nm	-	2018+ [32]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.26 wt%-0.28 wt%)	S-S doping +PSH, 1850℃+Annealing, 1100 ℃	-	6.8 μm	-	93 nm (at Mo interior)/0.23 μm (at Mo GBs)	-	2017+ [11]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.26 wt%-0.28 wt%)	S-S doping +PSH, 1850℃+Annealing, 1100 ℃	-	29 μm	-	93 nm (at Mo interior)/0.23 μm (at Mo GBs)	-	2017+ [11]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0.26 wt%-0.28 wt%)	S-L doping +PSH,1850℃+Annealing, 1100 ℃	-	2.7 μm 38 μm	-	65 nm (at Mo interior)/ 0.18 μm (at Mo GBs)	-	2017+ [11]
Mo-La₂O₃ (0-2 wt%)	MA + PSH, 1900 ℃+ Rolling	-	15-35 μm	94.5 %-95.7 %/ 98.6 %-99.4 % (after rolling)	<50 nm (at Mo interior)/ <100 nm (at Mo GBs)	-	2015+ [5]
Mo-30 wt%Y₂O₃	Sol-gel + SPS, 1500 ℃	-	3 μm	-	-	-	2010+ [25]
Mo-La₂O₃	Chemical +HIP,	-	5 μm	-	3 μm	-	2006+ [7]
-Y₂O₃	1800 ℃	-	5 μm	-	3 μm	-	2006+ [7]
Mo-La₂O₃-Y₂O₃	Sol-gel + SPS, 1500 ℃	-	5 μm	-	3 μm	-	2010+ [30]

Refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties in Mo-Y₂O₃ alloys prepared by freeze-drying method and subsequent low temperature sintering

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