Graphene oxide effects on the properties of Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were dispersed into premixed powders (Cu-0.4 wt% Al/35W5Cr) by wet grinding and vacuum freeze-drying process. The 0.3 wt% GO/Al₂O₃-Cu/35W5Cr and 0.5 wt%GO/Al₂O₃-Cu/35W5Cr composites, used for electrical contacts, were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering. The microstructure was analyzed by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural changes of GO before and after sintering. The arc erosion behavior was investigated by the JF04C electrical contact testing apparatus. Consequently, the Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in the matrix, causing dislocation tangles. GO was converted to reduced graphene oxide after sintering. A group of carbon atoms combined with Cr forming Cr₃C₂ in situ during sintering, which enhanced the interface bonding. Compared with the Al₂O₃-Cu/35W5Cr composite, the tensile strength of the two contact materials containing 0.3 wt% GO and 0.5 wt% GO was increased by 45% and 34%, respectively. Finally, pips and craters were present on the anode and cathode surfaces, respectively. Tungsten has undergone re-sintering during arcing and formed needle-like structures. Compared with Al₂O₃-Cu/35W5Cr, the GO/Al₂O₃-Cu35W5Cr composites have better welding resistance. The final mass transfer direction of the two composites was from the cathode to anode.

Key words: Graphene oxide, Freeze-drying, Electrical contact, In situ formed Cr₃C₂, Tensile strength

Xiaohui Zhang, Yi Zhang, Baohong Tian, Yanlin Jia, Ming Fu, Yong Liu, Kexing Song, Alex.A. Volinsky, Xiao Yang, Hang Sun. Graphene oxide effects on the properties of Al₂O₃-Cu/35W5Cr composite[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 37: 185-199.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. SEM images of powders and composition ratio: (a) Cu-0.4?wt% Al powder; (b) Cu2O powder; (c) Cr powder; (d) W powder; (e) composition ratio of 0.3GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite; (f) composition ratio of 0.5GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite.

Fig. 2. (a) Schematics of the fabrication process of the composites and (b) electrical contact testing apparatus.

Fig. 3. SEM images of GO and composites powders: (a, b) GO flakes; (c) 0.3GO/Cu-0.4Al/35W5Cr composites powders; (d) 0.5GO/Cu-0.4Al/35W5Cr composite powders; (e, g) EDS results of the 0.3GO/Cu-0.4Al/35W5Cr; (f, h) EDS results of the 0.5GO/Cu-0.4Al/35W5Cr (σ: deviation).

Fig. 4. (a) XRD patterns of graphene oxide and graphite, (b) Raman spectra of different materials and (c) XRD patterns of the composites powder.

Fig. 5. XPS analysis of the two as-sintered composites: (a) survey scan of GO and the two composites; curve fit of the C 1s spectra of (b) GO, (c) 0.5GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr and (d) 0.3GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr.

Fig. 6. Tensile stress-strain curves of different composites.

Fig. 7. SEM images and corresponding EDS maps of the two composites: (a, c, e) 0.3GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr; (b, d, f) 0.5GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr.

Fig. 8. TEM images of 0.5GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite: (a, b, d, e) TEM images; (c) SADP image of (b); (f) SADP image of (e).

Fig. 9. TEM images of 0.5GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite: (a, d) TEM images; (b) SADP image of (a); (c) HRTEM image of Cr3C2 formed on the RGO and FFT, IFFT of Z1.

Fig. 10. Low-magnification SEM images and corresponding three-dimensional profile: (a, b, e, f) 0.3GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr; (c, d, g, h) 0.5GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr.

Fig. 11. High magnification SEM images of arc erosion morphology and elemental analysis of four boxed areas: (a) droplet; (b) bulge; (c) needle-like skeletons; (d) coral; (e) EDS data.

Fig. 12. Welding forces of different composites at (a) 30?V DC, 10 A, (b) 30?V DC, 20 A, (c) 30?V DC, 25 A and (d) 30?V DC, 30 A.

Fig. 13. (a) Mass change of the 0.3GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite, (b) mass change of the 0.5GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite, (c) Mass change of the Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite and (d) schematic of the different particles movement under different conditions.

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Graphene oxide effects on the properties of Al₂O₃-Cu/35W5Cr composite

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