3D-printed surface promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenetic factor expression of BMSCs on Ti6Al4V implants and early osseointegration in vivo

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.09.063

Abstract

Abstract:

Three-dimensional-printed (3D-P) titanium implants display many advantages, such as design flexibility, higher efficiency, the capability to easily construct complex or customized structures, etc., and is believed to potentially replace traditional implants. However, the biological performance of the 3D-P titanium surface has not been investigated systematically. Herein, we analyzed the surface characteristics of 3D-P Ti6Al4V implants and evaluated the biological responses of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) to the 3D-P surface in vitro. Moreover, after implantation into the rat femoral condyle for 3 and 6 weeks, the osseointegration performance was evaluated. The results showed the 3D-P Ti6Al4V implant presented distinct fluctuant macroscale rough surface and relatively better hydrophilicity which enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenetic factor expression of BMSCs. Moreover, the in vivo osseointegration performance was also better than that of the control group at the early stage. The present study suggested the 3D-P titanium alloy is a promising candidate to be used as implant material.

Key words: Three-dimensional printing, Titanium alloy, BMSCs, Osteogenesis, Osseointegration

Jinkai Zhang, Wenhui Zhou, Hui Wang, Kaili Lin, Fengshan Chen. 3D-printed surface promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenetic factor expression of BMSCs on Ti6Al4V implants and early osseointegration in vivo[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(2): 336-343.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. SEM images of the control (a) and 3D-P (b) surface morphology (scale bar: 20 μm).

Fig. 2. Three-dimensional images of the control (a) and 3D-P surface (b) captured by the 3D measuring laser microscope and quantitative surface roughness parameters. *P < 0.05 compared to control group.

Fig. 3. Water contact angle of the control and 3D-P surface. *P < 0.05 compared to control group.

Fig. 4. SEM observation of BMSCs on the control and 3D-P surface after 1 and 3 days of culture (scale bar: 20 μm).

Fig. 5. Proliferation of BMSCs on the control and 3D-P surface detected by CCK-8 assay after culturing for 1, 4, 7 and 10 days. *P < 0.05 compared to control group.

Fig. 6. ALP activity of BMSCs cultured for 4 and 7 days on the control and 3D-P surfaces. *P < 0.05 compared to control group.

Fig. 7. Relative gene expression of BMSCs cultured on the control and 3D-P surfaces for 7 and 10 days. *P < 0.05 compared to control group.

Fig. 8. The Alizarin red staining and quantification of extracellular matrix mineralization of BMSCs on the control and 3D-P surfaces after culturing for 21 days. *P < 0.05 compared to control group.

Fig. 9. Histological images of the undecalcified sections and histomorphometric analysis of BIC percentage for the control and 3D-P implant after healing for 3 and 6 weeks. Scale bar: 200 μm. *P < 0.05 compared to control group.

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