Advancements in hydrogen embrittlement of selective laser melting austenitic stainless steel: Mechanisms, microstructures, and future directions

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.019

Abstract

Abstract: Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is a common material used in high-pressure hydrogen systems. Prolonged exposure to high-pressure hydrogen can cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), raising significant safety concerns. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), known for its high precision, is a promising additive manufacturing technology that has been widely adopted across various industries. Studies have reported that under certain SLM manufacturing conditions and process parameters, the HE resistance of SLM ASS is significantly better than that of conventionally manufactured (CM) ASS, showing great potential for application in high-pressure hydrogen systems. Thus, studying the HE of SLM ASS is crucial for further improving the safety of high-pressure hydrogen systems. This paper provides an overview of the SLM process, reviews the mechanisms of HE and their synergistic effects, and analyzes the HE characteristics of SLM ASS. Additionally, it examines the influence of unique microstructures and SLM process variables on HE of SLM ASS and offers recommendations for future research to enhance the safety of high-pressure hydrogen systems.

Key words: Hydrogen embrittlement, Austenitic stainless steel, Selective laser melting, Processing parameter, Hydrogen damage, Additive manufacturing

Chilou Zhou, Xinrui Yan, Haixiang Wang, Yanlei Huang, Jinxin Xue, Jiaqing Li, Xinfeng Li, Wulin Han. Advancements in hydrogen embrittlement of selective laser melting austenitic stainless steel: Mechanisms, microstructures, and future directions[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 230: 219-235.

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