Enhanced antibacterial activity, corrosion resistance and endothelialization potential of Ti-5Cu alloy by oxygen and nitrogen plasma-based surface modification

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2023.04.076

Abstract

Abstract: Antibacterial Ti-5Cu alloy is a promising substitute material for Ti-made cardiovascular implants, so its surface engineering is crucial to expediting clinical implementation. Given the antibacterial and cardiovascular biological benefits of Cu²⁺ and titanium-nitride-oxide (TiN_xO_y) coatings, a Cu₂O/CuO-TiN_xO_y coating with upregulated Cu²⁺ release was successfully deposited on Ti-5Cu alloy for the first time using oxygen and nitrogen plasma-based surface modification. The superhydrophilic and nanostructured Cu₂O/CuO-TiN_xO_y coating had a dense structure and was well bonded to the substrate, resulting in enhanced corrosion resistance, while CuO/Cu₂O in the coating released Cu²⁺ faster than Ti₂Cu phase in the matrix. More gratifying, the coating demonstrated perfect antibacterial properties (R > 99.9% against S. aureus), owing primarily to direct contact sterilization of Cu₂O/CuO. The most encouraging phenomenon was that the coating dramatically accelerated HUVEC adhesion (1.4 times), proliferation (RGR: 106%-116%), and particularly migration (RMR: 158%-247%) compared with the control Ti. The coating extract also significantly stimulated in vitro angiogenesis capacity. The rapid endothelialization for Cu₂O/CuO-TiN_xO_y coating was attributed to the surface nanostructure and Cu²⁺/NO₂^- release, which upregulated the angiogenesis-related gene expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and eNOS to increase VEGF secretion and NO production. All of the findings indicated that the Cu₂O/CuO-TiN_xO_y coating could enhance the corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and endothelialization potential of Ti-Cu alloy, displaying great clinical potential in cardiovascular applications.

Key words: Titanium-copper alloy, Titanium-nitride-oxide (TiN_xO_y), Cu²⁺ release, Antibacterial property, Cell compatibility

Xiaotong Zhao, Jiali Hu, Jingjun Nie, Dafu Chen, Gaowu Qin, Erlin Zhang. Enhanced antibacterial activity, corrosion resistance and endothelialization potential of Ti-5Cu alloy by oxygen and nitrogen plasma-based surface modification[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2023, 168: 250-264.

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