Magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure design of CP/PGFF/Fe3O4 composites for highly absorbed EMI shielding and balanced mechanical strength

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.057

Abstract

Abstract:

Developing excellent absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites is an urgent demand for the rapid development of 5 G technology and electronic equipment. Herein, a simple strategy is employed to fabricate carbon nanotubes-polypropylene fibers (CP) /polypropylene-glass fibers felt (PGFF)/Fe₃O₄ composites with superior EMI shielding effectiveness and low reflection due to the magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure which is naturally formed by deposition during the vacuum-assisted filtration process. The difference in dimensionality between one-dimensional CNT with outstanding electrical conductivity and zero-dimensional magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is the theoretical basis for the successful construction of the magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure in a gap-rich PGFF matrix that endows the composites with “absorb-reflect-reabsorb” EMI shielding mechanism. When the electromagnetic waves are incident from the magnetic layer, the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) reaches 48.9 dB as the weight percentage of the conductive layer increases, more importantly, the reflection coefficients are reduced by more than 0.32 compared with that of another incident pattern. What's more, the resultant composites exhibit an outstanding signal shielding function in the application. This work paves a convenient pathway for designing a magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure and efficient absorbing EMI shielding composites applied in the next-generated electronic information and communication field.

Key words: Electromagnetic interference shielding, Magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure, Absorption-dominant, Dimensionality, Polypropylene-glass fibers felt

Qiang Peng, Meng Ma, Si Chen, Yanqin Shi, Huiwen He, Xu Wang. Magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure design of CP/PGFF/Fe₃O₄ composites for highly absorbed EMI shielding and balanced mechanical strength[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2023, 133: 102-110.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration for the preparation of CP/PGFF/Fe3O4 composites.

Fig. 2. SEM images of (a) pure PGFF, (b) CNT, and (c) Fe3O4; SEM images of (d-g) cross-section of the C5P5/PGFF/Fe3O4 composite at different magnifications; EDS mapping images of (d) the scanning view, (h) Fe element, and (i) Si element for C5P5/PGFF/Fe3O4.

Fig. 3. Schematic for (a) experiment M and (b) experiment C. (c) EMI SE, (d) SEA, SER, and SET at 12.4 GHz, and (e) R-T-A coefficients for CxPy-30/PGFF/Fe3O4 with different ratios of CNT to PP in the conductive layer when the EMI waves were incident from magnetic layer; (f) EMI SE, (g) SEA, SER, and SET at 12.4 GHz, and (h) R-T-A coefficients for CxPy-30/PGFF/Fe3O4 composites with different ratios of CNT to PP in the conductive layer when the EMI waves were incident from the conductive layer.

Fig. 4. (a) EMI SE, (b) SEA, and (c) A coefficients of CxPy-30/PGFF/Fe3O4 composites with the incident EMI waves from different sample sides at 12.4 GHz. Schematic diagram of the incident EMI waves from (d) magnetic layer and (e) conductive layer for composites.

Fig. 5. (a) EMI SE, (b) SEA, SER, and SET at 12.4 GHz, (c) R-T-A coefficients for CP-z/PGFF/Fe3O4 with different conductive layer contents, and (d) comparison of EMI SE and A coefficients for different polymeric composites [4,36,42],[53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58].

Fig. 6. A real EMI shielding application measurement in mobile phone signal shielding bag and details in video 1 in the Supplementary Material.

Fig. 7. (a) Stress-strain curves and (b) comparison of the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the CxPy-z/PGFF/Fe3O4 composites with different ratios of CNT to PP in the conductive layer. Section morphology of the pulled (c) C1P9/PGFF/Fe3O4 and (d) C5P5/PGFF/Fe3O4 composites.

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Magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure design of CP/PGFF/Fe₃O₄ composites for highly absorbed EMI shielding and balanced mechanical strength

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