Biological porous carbon encapsulated polyethylene glycol-based phase change composites for integrated electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management capabilities

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.11.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of functional composites with excellent thermal management capabilities and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding has become extremely urgent for keeping up with the continuous improvement of the operating speed and efficiency for electronic equipment. In this study, the biological wood-derived porous carbon (WPC) was determined as the supporting material to encapsulating polyethylene glycol (PEG), and a series of WPC/PEG/Fe₃O₄ phase change composites (PCCs) with excellent shape stability, EMI shielding and thermal management capabilities were prepared via a simple vacuum impregnation method. The Fe₃O₄ magnetic particles modified PCCs have greatly improved the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). The EMI SE of WP-4 (7.5 wt.% Fe₃O₄ in PEG) can be up to 55.08 dB between 8.2 - 12.4 GHz, however, the WP-0 without Fe₃O₄ addition is only 40.08 dB. Meanwhile, the absorption ratio of electromagnetic waves (EMW) has also increased from 75.02% (WP-0) to 85.56% (WP-4), which effectively prevents secondary pollution. In addition, after wrapping a thin layer of polydimethylsiloxane resin (PDMS), the obtained WP-4 can maintain a high heat storage capacity (109.52 J/g) and good water stability. In short, the prepared WPC/PEG/Fe₃O₄ PCCs have great potential application value in the thermal management and electromagnetic shielding requirements for electronic devices.

Key words: Biological wood-derived porous carbon, Polyethylene glycol, Phase change composites, Thermal management, Electromagnetic interference shielding

Shuang Liu, Mengjie Sheng, Hao Wu, Xuetao Shi, Xiang Lu, Jinping Qu. Biological porous carbon encapsulated polyethylene glycol-based phase change composites for integrated electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management capabilities[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 113: 147-157.

Figures/Tables 15

Scheme 1. Schematic diagram for the preparation and application of PCCs.

Fig. 1. SEM images of NW-⊥(a1, a2, a3), NW-//(a4), WPC-6-⊥ (b1, b2, b3), WPC-6-// (b4), WPC-8-⊥ (c1, c2, c3), WPC-8-// (c4), WPC-10-⊥ (d1, d2, d3) and WPC-10-// (d4).

Fig. 2. The Raman (a) and ID/IG (b) of NW, WPC-6-//, WPC-8-// and WPC-10-//.

Fig. 3. The electrical conductivity (a), EMI SE (b), bar chart of SET, SEA, and SER (c) and power coefficient (d) of WPC-6-⊥, WPC-6-//, WPC-8-⊥, WPC-8-//, WPC-10-⊥ and WPC10-//.

Fig. 4. SEM images of WP-0 (a), WP-1 (b), WP-2 (c), WP-3 (d) and WP-4 (e), elemental mappings of Fe for WP-4 (f), FTIR spectra (g) and XRD patterns (h) of WPC, PEG, Fe3O4 and PCCs.

Fig. 5. Field-dependent magnetization curves of the Fe3O4 and PCCs (a, b).

Fig. 6. EMI SE (a), SEA (b), SER (c), bar chart of SET, SEA, and SER (d), proportion of SEA to SET (e) and power coefficients (f) of PCCs.

Table 1. Comparison of EMI shielding performances for different samples.

Samples	Conductivity (S/m)	Frequency (GHz)	EMI SE (dB)	Refs.
Graphene/PEI	2.2 × 10^-3	8.2-12.4	13	40
Graphene/PMMA	3.11	8-12	19	41
Graphene/PDMS	180	8-12	20	42
Graphene/PS	1.25	8.2-12.4	29	43
WPC-10-//	574.7	8.2-12.4	40	This work
Sugarcane carbon aerogel	96.4	8.2-12.4	51	44
Carbon foam	240	8.2-12.4	51	45
WP-4	/	8.2-12.4	55	This work

Scheme 2. EMI shielding mechanism of WP-0 (a) and other PCCs (b).

Fig. 7. To pair and connect the mobile phone and the Bluetooth speaker (a), Wrap the speaker with tinfoil (b), Open a gap in the tinfoil (c) and the WP-4 is pressed on the gap groove (d).

Fig. 8. The DSC curves for pure PEG (a), WP-0 (b), WP-1 (c), WP-2 (d), WP-3 (e) and WP-4 (f), melting and freezing enthalpy (g) and melting and freezing temperature (h) of pure PEG and various PCCs, λ and η values of various PCCs (i).

Table 2. The$\text{ }\!\!\Delta\!\!\text{ }{{H}_{\text{m}}}$, λ and η values of different PEG-based PCCs in the literature.

PCCs	$\text{ }\!\!\Delta\!\!\text{ }{{H}_{\text{m}}}$ (J/g)	λ (%)	η (%)	Ref.
PEG/MDI/PVA	72.8	42.3	-	50
PEG/MA/formaldehyde	109.4	63.4	-	51
PEG/cellulose	78.6	43.6	52.5	52
PEG/Diatomite/EG	83.5	58.3	120.2	53
PEG/EG	110.4	59.0	67.4	54
PEG/almond shell biochar	82.7	43.8	72.9	55
PEG/Southern pine	39.4	32.5	76.5	56
PEG/Carbonized wood flour	98.1	56.6	-	57
WPC-4	109.5	64.6	99.8	This work

Fig. 9. The TGA (a-c) and DTG (d) curves of samples, DSC curves (e) and melting and freezing enthalpy (f) of WP-4 before and after thermal cycles.

Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of thermal management test (a), temperature-time curves (b) and infrared images during the thermal management test (c).

Fig. 11. photographs of water contact angle test (a), digital image of static water droplets (stained with Rhodamine B) on the surface (b) and water immersion test (c).

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