A multifunctional stealthy material for wireless sensing and active camouflage driven by configurable polarization

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.046

Abstract

Abstract:

The dipole species transformation and polarization relaxation configuration are achieved by changing the cobalt ion stoichiometry, which precisely tailors the electromagnetic attenuation performance of bismuth iron cobalt oxide. When the stoichiometric ratio of Fe:Co is 19:1, the optimal reflection loss reaches -60 dB. The high electromagnetic attenuation performance significantly improve the linear sensitivity of the strain response and active customized stealth capability of the designed multifunctional capacitor-like structure. Therefore, the wireless multifunctional design integrates energy attenuaten of electromagnetic wave with the wireless sensing and active camouflage functions for the first time. The work provides an important step for the realization of electromagnetical multifunctional applications including electromagnetic protection and electromagnetic sensing in artificial beings, medical health and even space travel.

Key words: Electromagnetic absorption, Polarization relaxation, Electromagnetic sensing, Active camouflage

Min Zhang, Mao-Sheng Cao, Qiang-Qiang Wang, Xi-Xi Wang, Wen-Qiang Cao, Hui-Jing Yang, Jie Yuan. A multifunctional stealthy material for wireless sensing and active camouflage driven by configurable polarization[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2023, 132: 42-49.

Figures/Tables 7

Scheme 1. Schematic illustrations of the synthetic process of bismuth iron cobalt oxide.

Fig. 1. Schematic structure of (a) bismuth iron oxide, (b) bismuth iron cobalt oxide with Fe:Co of 95:5 stoichiometry, and (c) Fe:Co of 90:10 stoichiometry. (d) TEM image and (e) SAED pattern of the sample without cobalt element. (f) HRTEM of bismuth iron oxide with the observation of (110) and (012) planes. (g) HRTEM image of bismuth iron cobalt oxide. Inset is the TEM image with the scale bar of 100 nm. The SAED patterns of (h) typical rhombohedral phase and (i) superlattice modulation phase.

Fig. 2. Atomic-scale insight into bismuth iron cobalt oxide. (a) HRTEM image. (b-e) Atomic-scale insight into the material showing: (b) VO, (c) VBi, (d) VFe and (e) phase boundary. (f) CPK model and STM image of bismuth iron cobalt oxide and bismuth iron cobalt oxide with VO, VBi and VFe, which is calculated by materials studio.

Fig. 3. (a-c) Frequency-dependence εp" and fitted relaxation peak. (d-h) Cole-Cole plots for peaks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the insets are dipoles that generate polarization. (i) Fitted areas of relaxation peaks and (j) their proportion. (k-m) Schematic of dipole configuration changes induced by Co ions.

Fig. 4. RL of bismuth iron cobalt oxide with (a) Fe:Co = 100:0, (b) Fe:Co = 95:5 and (c) Fe:Co = 90:10 at the thickness of 1.74-2.82 mm. tan δ of bismuth iron cobalt oxide with (d) Fe:Co = 100:0, (e) Fe:Co = 95:5 and (f) Fe:Co = 90:10.

Fig. 5. An innovative strain sensor with real-time visualization characteristics. (a) Capacitor-like structure. (b-d) S11 vs. d of (b) bismuth iron oxide, (c) bismuth iron cobalt oxide (Fe:Co = 95:5), and (d) bismuth iron cobalt oxide (Fe:Co = 90:10). Insets, the corresponding d-dependent S11 vs. Frequency. (e) ΔS11 vs. d at f = 12 GHz. (f) ΔS11 vs. strain, and the inset is the schematic for the wireless pressure-sensing device. (g) The images for real-time visualization sensing. The left is the schematic illustration for the load applied to the sensor, the middle is the corresponding electric energy density on the monitor, and the right is the simulated diagram.

Fig. 6. Active camouflage systems. (a) Schematic of the active camouflage systems with a robotic arm installed in each pixel to modulate the distance. (b) Reflection energy maps of a system composed of a 4 × 4-pixel array, with 2 × 2 pixels in the center having different d. (c) Reflection energy map of the active camouflage system with customized letters of "BIT".

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