Strengthening behavior of AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x high-entropy alloy coatings fabricated by plasma spraying and laser remelting

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.055

Abstract

Abstract:

High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings are of great importance in the fabrication of wear resistance materials. HEA coatings containing ceramic particles as reinforcement phase usually have better wear performance. In this study, AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)_x (x: molar ratio; x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) HEA coatings were fabricated on Q235 steel by plasma spray first and then subjected to laser remelting. The experimental results confirm that plasma spray together with post laser remelting could result in the in-situ formation of TiN-Al₂O₃ ceramic particles and cuboidal B2 phase in the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)_x HEA coatings. The in-situ TiN-Al₂O₃ and nano-cuboidal B2 precipitation phase strengthened the coatings and improved their wear-resistance properties. Due to the dispersion of hard phase and nano-particles resulting from second heating, the microhardness of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN) coatings significantly increased from 493 to 851 HV after laser remelting. For the same reasons, the wear-resistance performance was also significantly promoted after laser remelting.

Key words: High-entropy alloy, Coatings, Ceramics, Laser remelting, Microstructure, Wear resistance

Bingqian Jin, Nannan Zhang, Shuo Yin. Strengthening behavior of AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)_x high-entropy alloy coatings fabricated by plasma spraying and laser remelting[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 121: 163-173.

Figures/Tables 19

Table 1. Chemical composition of Q235 steel (wt. %).

C	Mn	Si	S	P	Fe
0.17	1.4	0.35	0.035	0.035	Bal.

Fig. 1. XRD spectra of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) as-sprayed coatings, (b) as-remelted coatings.

Fig. 2. Cross-sectional morphology of the as-sprayed AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) x=0, (b) x=0.2, (c) x=0.4, (d) x=0.6, (e) x=0.8, (f) x=1.0

Fig. 3. Cross-sectional mapping of the as-sprayed AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)1.0 HEA coating.

Fig. 4. Cross-sectional images of the as-remelted AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) x=0, (b) x=0.2, (c) x=0.4, (d) x=0.6, (e) x=0.8, (f) x=1.0, (g) element distribution in (f).

Fig. 5. Chemical compositions of the as-remelted AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA. (a) theoretical content, (b) practical contents.

Fig. 6. Mixing entropies of the as-remelted AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA.

Fig. 7. Microstructure and phase distribution resulting from TEM of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)0.4 HEA remelting layer. (a-d) TEM-DF images of the sample, and (e, f) EBSD images of the sample.

Table 2. Chemical composition (at.%) of the points selected from Fig. 7 (b-d).

Point	Al	Co	Cr	Fe	Ni	Ti	N	O
1	37.72	0.57	0.77	0.62	0.66	0.39	8.44	50.83
2	0.22	0.26	1.2	0.3	0.04	50.78	47.2	0
3	29.3	16.54	8.13	16.98	27.24	1.27	0.54	0
4	3.91	24.97	32.85	31.65	6.27	0.25	0.13	0

Fig. 8. TEM images and element distribution of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)0.4 HEA remelting layer. (a), (b) TEM-DF image of the sample, (c) TEM-EDS elemental mappings of TiN-Al2O3 and (d) TEM-EDS elemental mappings of B2 phase and matrix.

Fig. 9. Schematic showing the formation and evolution of the dual-phase TiN-Al2O3 ceramic particles in the remelting layers.

Fig. 10. Thermodynamics parameter of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) mixing enthalpy in the atomic pair, (b) atomic radius.

Fig. 11. Microstructure of B2 phase in the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) TEM-DF image of x=0.2, (b) TEM-DF image of x=0.4, (c) TEM-DF image of x=0.6, (d) TEM-DF image of x=0.8, (e) TEM-DF image of x=1.0 and (f) selected-area electron diffraction of B2 phase and matrix.

Fig. 12. IPF maps of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) x= 0, (b) x = 0.2, (c) x=0.4, (d) x= 0.6, (e) x= 0.8, (f) x= 1.0, and (g) grain number.

Fig. 13. Schmid factor diagrams and value distributions of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings characterised by EBSD. (a) x= 0, (b) x = 0.2, (c) x=0.4, (d) x= 0.6, (e) x= 0.8 and (f) x= 1.0.

Fig. 14. Micrhardness of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA. (a) as-sprayed coatings, (b) as-remelted coatings.

Fig. 15. Coefficient of friction curves and worn surface morphologies of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) x= 0, (b) x = 0.2, (c) x=0.4, (d) x= 0.6, (e) x= 0.8 and (f) x= 1.0.

Fig. 16. Morphologies after wear test of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) x= 0, (b) x = 0.2, (c) x=0.4, (d) x= 0.6, (e) x= 0.8 and (f) x= 1.0.

Fig. 17. 3D-Morphology of the worn surface of the AlCoCrFeNi(TiN)x HEA coatings. (a) x= 0, (b) x = 0.2, (c) x=0.4, (d) x= 0.6, (e) x= 0.8 and (f) x= 1.0.

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