Reusable and durable electrostatic air filter based on hybrid metallized microfibers decorated with metal-organic-framework nanocrystals

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.12.065

Abstract

Abstract:

As global air pollution becomes increasingly severe, various types of fibrous filters have been developed to improve air filter performance. However, fibrous filters have limitations such as high packing density that generally causes high-pressure drop and ultimately deterioration in the filtration efficiency. High-pressure particulate matter precipitators are limited in terms of scope for commercialization because they require high voltage supplies and ozone generators. In this study, we develop fibrous filters with enhanced durability and improved performance using metallized microfibers decorated with metal-organic-framework (MOF) nanocrystals. Not only does the efficiency of the developed filters remain at or above 97 % for 0.50-1.5 μm PMs but the durability also significantly increases. In addition, using the water purification ability of the MOF, we explore the dye degradation effect of the hybrid microfibers by immersing them into Rhodamine B aqueous solution. In such an experiment the Rhodamine B aqueous solution is completely purified by the presence of the hybrid microfibers under the UV irradiation.

Key words: Electrospinning, Metallized microfibers, Metal organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals, Corona discharge, Reusable fibrous filter for air purification

Min-Woo Kim, Yong-Il Kim, Chanwoo Park, Ali Aldalbahi, Hamdah S. Alanazi, Seongpil An, Alexander L. Yarin, Sam S. Yoon. Reusable and durable electrostatic air filter based on hybrid metallized microfibers decorated with metal-organic-framework nanocrystals[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 85: 44-55.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. Schematics of different fibrous filters based on (a) Cu microfibers and (b) MOF/Cu microfibers. Insets located in the bottom right of panels (a) and (b) illustrate the difference in durability between the Cu microfiber filter and the MOF/Cu microfiber filter loaded by external stresses.

Fig. 2. (a) Fabrication process of the MOF/Cu microfibers, and (b) the corresponding illustrations and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after each stage of the process.

Fig. 3. Schematic of filtration test with MOF/Cu microfiber filter: (a) PM feeder wherein the ionized air and PM are mixed, (b) charging of PM by electrons in the ionized air, (c) filtration process in the MOF/Cu microfiber filter.

Table 1 Operating conditions for PAN electrospinning and Cu electroplating.

Process	Parameters	Values
Electrospinning	Applied DC voltage [kV]	6
	Flow rate [μl h^-1]	280
	Needle-to-collector distance [cm]	13
	Electrospinning time [s]	60
Electroplating	Applied DC voltage [kV]	3
	Nanofiber mat-to-Cu electrode distance [cm]	3
	Electroplating time [s]	60

Fig. 4. SEM images and the corresponding photographs of different fibrous filters based on: (a) PAN nanofibers, (b) Cu microfibers, and (c) MOF/Cu microfibers. SEM images of individual MOF/Cu microfibers with varying MOF deposition times of: (d) 10 min, (e) 30 min, and (f) 60 min. Processed images of (g) PAN nanofibers, (h) Cu microfibers, and (i) MOF/Cu microfibers.

Fig. 5. XRD patterns of MOF/Cu microfibers in (a) broad and (b) narrow ranges. (c) FTIR spectrum of MOF/Cu microfibers. High-resolution XPS spectra of MOF/Cu microfibers for (d) C 1s, (e) Cu 2p, and (f) Zn 2p energy levels.

Fig. 6. Schematics of (a) tensile and (b) puncture tests. Results of mechanical tests for different fiber mats: (c) tensile test and (d) puncture test. (e) Photographs of MOF/Cu microfiber mat and Cu microfiber mat after air flow tests.

Fig. 7. Comparison of the filtration efficiency (a) of different MOF/Cu microfiber filters against Cu powder illustrating the effect of the pre-ionization use and MOF deposition time, and (b) with using different number of layers of the MOF/Cu microfiber filter. (c) Results for air pressure before (black column) and after (diagonal-lined column) passing the filter with varying the number of layers of the MOF/Cu microfibers. (d) The corresponding snapshots of each layer at Nlayer = 5 after the PM filtration (where the 1 st layer was placed at the side where PMs entered the filter). Results of the cycling tests of the MOF/Cu microfiber filters for (e) 20 cycles with the ionizer on and off and (f) 50 cycles with the ionizer on. (g) Photographs of the MOF/Cu microfiber filter before the filtration test (N = 0) and after the filtration test of 1 cycle (N = 1) and 50 cycles (N = 50). SEM images of the MOF/Cu microfiber filter (h) before filtration (N = 1), (i) after filtration (N = 1), and (j) after cleaning (N = 50).

Fig. 8. (a) Comparison of filtration efficiency of different MOF/Cu microfiber filters against Rhodamine B powder with and without ionization at different MOF deposition times. (b) Transmittance spectra of Rhodamine B solution before (denoted as b) and after UV irradiation with MOF/Cu microfiber filter (denoted as a). The decomposition efficiency of MOF/Cu microfiber filters (c) at different MOF deposition times and (d) as a function of UV irradiation time.

Table 2 Comparison of nanofiber-based filters.

Particle diameter [nm]	Filtration efficiency [%]	Filter thickness [μm]	Face velocity [m s^-1]	Pressure loss [Pa]	Duration time [min]	Ref.
2500	99	1.25	0.05	-	-	[76]
2500	99	53.8	0.053	123.97	-	[77]
300	100	0.4	0.05	73.5	-	[78]
300	99	1700	0.05	68	-	[79]
300	100	150	2.2	521	36	[80]
100	98	20	0.05	85	60	[81]
< 1500	92 (1 layer) 94 (3 layer) 98 (5 layer)	4 12 20	42.5	0 69 207	900	This study

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