Multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings fabricated from basalt scales on a fluorocarbon coating base

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.12.022

Abstract

Abstract:

Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceedingly hydrated environments. However, concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applications in marine environments are still hindering commercial-scale deployment. This study is focused on development of easy-to-apply superhydrophobic coatings, with multifunctional capabilities, in order to extend the integrity and durability of the coatings in harsh marine environments. Here, a set of facile methods involving selective chemical etching using concentrated NaOH, as well as fluorination with perfluoropolyether methyl ester were adopted to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on basalt scales, having the required rough hierarchical micro-nanotextured and low surface energy. The superhydrophobic basalt scales were subsequently aligned atop a fluorocarbon resin, pre-deposited on a metal substrate, to yield a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating (3 μL water droplet; contact angle = 165.1°, rolling angle = 0.7°), easily amenable to large surface area application and having excellent wear resistance, UV-aging resistance, salt spray resistance, corrosion resistance and antibacterial capabilities.

Key words: Basalt scales, Multifunctional, Superhydrophobic, Chemical etching, Fluoridation

Hongpeng Zheng, Li Liu, Fandi Meng, Yu Cui, Zhong Li, Emeka E. Oguzie, Fuhui Wang. Multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings fabricated from basalt scales on a fluorocarbon coating base[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 84: 86-96.

Figures/Tables 10

Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of the fabrication of etched basalt scales by reaction 1 and the fabrication of FEB scales by reaction 2 and reaction 3.

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration for preparation of the superhydrophobic fluorinated etched basalt/fluorocarbon (FEB/FC) coating. SEM images of (b1) basalt scales, (c1) FEB scales and (d) FEB/FC coating. AFM morphologies and surface roughness of (b2) basalt scale and (c2) FEB scale. (e) Snapshots of different droplets on superhydrophobic FEB/FC coating.

Fig. 2. Contact angles of water droplets (3 μL) on fluorocarbon (FC), basalt fluorocarbon (B/FC), etched basalt/fluorocarbon (EB/FC), fluorinated basalt/fluorocarbon (FB/FC) and fluorinated etched basalt/fluorocarbon (FEB/FC) coatings.

Fig. 3. SEM images of (a) FB scale and (b) FEB scale with elements mapping distribution. (c) FT-IR spectra of basalt, etched basalt (EB) and fluorinated etched basalt (FEB) scales, KH550 and PFPE-ME. (d) XRD patterns of basalt, EB and FEB scales.

Fig. 4. (a) Contact angles of water droplets (3 μL) on the fluorinated etched basalt/fluorocarbon (FEB/FC) composite coatings as a function of UV irradiation time, with frames taken by a high-speed camera, showing the rolling angle of the water droplets (10 μL) on the FEB/FC coating at different UV irradiation times. (b) Schematic diagram of FEB/FC coating showing UV resistance.

Fig. 5. Impedance plots of basalt/fluorocarbon (B/FC), etched basalt/fluorocarbon (EB/FC), fluorinated basalt/fluorocarbon (FB/FC) and fluorinated etched basalt/fluorocarbon (FEB/FC) coatings after immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for (a1, a2) 1 day, (b1, b2) 7 days and (c1, c2) 21 days.

Table 1 The electrochemical parameters extracted from EIS data of the four coatings immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 1, 7, and 21 days; the data are normalized to the total surface area (1 cm2); the values are the mean of three replicates and (±) corresponds to the standard deviations.

Coatings	Time (day)	Q_c (10^-9 Fcm^-2)	n_c	R_c (10⁹ Ωcm²)	Q_dl (10^-9 Fcm^-2)	n_dl	R_t (10⁹ Ωcm²)
B/FC	1	0.49 ± 0.11	0.98 ± 0.01	8.01 ± 1.91	0.96 ± 0.11	0.78 ± 0.02	1.31 ± 0.45
	7	1.76 ± 0.51	0.97 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.04	1.87 ± 0.09	0.74 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01
	21	1.94 ± 0.36	0.96 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.02	3.73 ± 0.92	0.77 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.01
EB/FC	1	0.39 ± 0.12	0.97 ± 0.01	9.29 ± 2.37	0.83 ± 0.16	0.78 ± 0.02	2.01 ± 0.89
	7	0.89 ± 0.12	0.97 ± 0.01	2.09 ± 0.61	1.01 ± 0.15	0.78 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.06
	21	0.91 ± 0.14	0.97 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.07	2.12 ± 0.91	0.71 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.09
FB/FC	1	0.29 ± 0.08	0.95 ± 0.01	11.29 ± 6.04	0.62 ± 0.13	0.78 ± 0.02	2.05 ± 0.99
	7	0.41 ± 0.09	0.96 ± 0.03	4.26 ± 0.81	0.84 ± 0.01	0.88 ± 0.03	1.31 ± 0.63
	21	0.54 ± 0.08	0.94 ± 0.01	3.59 ± 0.11	1.33 ± 0.31	0.87 ± 0.02	0.98 ± 0.19
FEB/FC	1	0.22 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.01	18.51 ± 5.86	-	-	-
	7	0.35 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.03	6.26 ± 0.91	0.61 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.02	3.31 ± 0.51
	21	0.41 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.01	4.57 ± 0.21	1.02 ± 0.31	0.87 ± 0.02	1.97 ± 0.16

Fig. 6. Visual observations of the B/FC, FB/FC, EB/FC and FEB/FC coatings after 0, 3, 24 and 48 h exposure to salt spray test condition (ASTM B117-2011: 5 wt.% NaCl solution with the pH of 6.5 ~ 7.2 and temperature in the chamber of 35 ± 2 ℃).

Fig. 7. (a) The schematic illustration of the sandpaper abrasion tests. (b) Contact angles of water droplets (3 μL) on the fluorinated etched basalt/fluorocarbon (FEB/FC) coating samples after 12 abrasion cycles. SEM images of the FEB/FC coating surfaces after (c) 0, (d) 8 and (e) 12 abrasion cycles.

Fig. 8. Fluorescence microscope images of (a1, a2, a3) basalt/fluorocarbon (B/FC), (b1, b2, b3) etched basalt/fluorocarbon (EB/FC), (c1, c2, c3) fluorinated basalt/fluorocarbon (FB/FC) and (d1, d2, d3) fluorinated etched basalt/fluorocarbon (FEB/FC) coatings exposed to P. aeruginosa inoculated media for 40 days. The “BT” and “BC” represent the biofilm thickness and biofilm coverage, respectively.

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