Oxidation behavior of ferritic/martensitic steels in flowing supercritical water

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.01.009

Abstract

Abstract:

The oxidation behavior of two Ferritic/Martensitic (F/M) steels including novel SIMP steel and commercial P91 steel were investigated by exposure to flowing deaerated supercritical water (SCW) at 700 °C for up to 1000 h. The kinetic weight gain curves follow parabolic and near-cubic rate equations for SIMP and P91 steels, respectively. X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed the presence of magnetite and a spinel phase in flowing SCW for both steels. The morphology and structure of the oxide scales formed on these two steels were analyzed. The relationship between the microstructure and oxidation behavior and the reason that SIMP steel showed better oxidation resistance than P91 steel were discussed.

Key words: Ferritic/martensitic steel, Supercritical water, Oxidation, Oxide scale, SIMP steel

Quanqiang Shi, Wei Yan, Yanfen Li, Naiqiang Zhang, Yiyin Shan, Ke Yang, Hiroaki Abe. Oxidation behavior of ferritic/martensitic steels in flowing supercritical water[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 64: 114-125.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Chemical compositions of experimental steels (wt.%).

Steels	C	Si	Cr	Mn	W	Ta	V	Nb	Ni	Mo	P (ppm)	S (ppm)
P91	0.10	0.26	8.5	0.46	–	–	0.20	0.04	0.17	0.92	80	70
SIMP	0.22	1.22	10.24	0.52	1.45	0.12	0.18	0.01	–	–	30	40

Fig. 1. Weight gain of SIMP and P91 steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of SIMP and P91 steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa.

Fig. 3. SEM images morphologies of the surface oxide scales formed on SIMP and P91steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for different time (a, c, e, g, i) SIMP steel and (b, d, f, h, j) P91 for 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 h, respectively.

Fig. 4. Morphologies of surface oxide scales formed on SIMP steel exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for 400 h.

Fig. 5. Morphologies of the exfoliated region surface oxide formed on SIMP steel exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for 1000 h.

Table 2 Elemental composition at selected locations of SIMP steel exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for 1000 h (wt.%).

Location	Fe	O	Cr	Si	Mn
1	74.36	25.64	--	--	--
2	72.20	26.40	1.41	--	--
3	75.02	21.76	2.02	--	1.19
4	53.65	18.47	23.51	1.07	3.30

Fig. 6. SEM images (a, b) and EDS analysis (c, d) of cross-section morphologies of oxide scales formed on SIMP and P91steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for 1000 h.

Fig. 7. SEM-BSE images and EDS elemental analysis of cross-sectional morphologies of oxide scales formed on SIMP steel exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for 200 h.

Fig. 8. SEM-BSE images of cross section of oxide scale formed on SIMP and P91steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for different time (a, c, e, g, i) SIMP steel and (b, d, f, h, j) P91 for 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 h, respectively.

Fig. 9. Oxide scale thickness and ratio of outer to inner layer thickness of SIMP and P91 steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for different time.

Table 3 Elemental contents of inner Fe-Cr spinel of SIMP and P91 steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for different exposure times (wt.%).

Steels	Time (h)	O	Si	Cr	Fe
P91	200	16.24	0.41	17.28	66.07
	400	17.45	0.52	16.22	65.81
	600	16.36	0.39	16.84	66.41
	800	16.93	0.54	17.06	65.47
	1000	19.10	0.51	16.13	64.26
SIMP	200	18.09	3.50	20.14	58.27
	400	16.93	3.74	20.55	58.78
	600	19.64	3.54	20.24	56.58
	800	16.86	3.35	20.52	59.28
	1000	18.82	3.65	20.65	56.88

Fig. 10. EPMA images of Fe-Cr spinel layers of SIMP and P91 steels exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for 1000 h.

Fig. 11. STEM images and elemental line scanning of interface between the Fe-Cr spinel layers and matrix of SIMP steel exposed to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa for 1000 h.

Fig. 12. Schematic representation of mechanism of oxide scale formation on SIMP steel during exposure to flowing deaerated SCW at 700 °C under 25 MPa.

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