Synthesis of band gap-tunable alkali metal modified graphitic carbon nitride with outstanding photocatalytic H2O2 production ability via molten salt method

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.04.019

Abstract

Abstract:

Band gap-tunable alkali metal modified graphitic carbon nitride was prepared by a molten salt method. X-ray diffraction, N₂ isothermal sorption, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence were used to characterize the obtained catalysts. The photocatalytic H₂O₂ production ability of as-prepared catalyst was investigated. The results indicate that K⁺ and Na⁺ are doped into g-C₃N₄ lattice simultaneously by the molten salt method. Alkali metal modification not only promotes the specific surface area, visible light absorption and separation of electron-hole pairs, but tunes the conduction band and valence band edge positions of as-prepared catalysts by controlling the weight ratio of eutectic salts to melamine. The tunable band edge positions result in the photocatalytic H₂O₂ production from “single channel pathway” to “two channel pathway”, leading to the promoted H₂O₂ production ability.

Key words: Molten salt, Carbon nitride, Banding structure, Visible light photocatalyst, Photocatalysis

Xiaoyu Qu, Shaozheng Hu, Jin Bai, Ping Li, Guang Lu, Xiaoxue Kang. Synthesis of band gap-tunable alkali metal modified graphitic carbon nitride with outstanding photocatalytic H₂O₂ production ability via molten salt method[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(10): 1932-1938.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of as-prepared catalysts.

Table 1 Alkali metal contents, H2O2 concentration and kinetic parameters of as-prepared catalysts.

Catalyst	K⁺ content (wt%)	Na⁺ content (wt%)	H₂O₂ concentration (mmol L^-1)	k_f (mmol L^-1 h^-1)	k_d (h^-1)
GCN	0	0	0.5	0.24	0.19
MCN(10)	0.8	0.4	1.05	0.55	0.26
MCN(20)	1.3	0.7	4.6	1.05	0.44
MCN(30)	1.7	1.0	3.5	0.88	0.29

Fig. 2. SEM images of GCN (a), MCN(10) (b), MCN(20) (c) and MCN(30) (d).

Fig. 3. UV-vis spectra of as-prepared catalysts.

Fig. 4. XPS of as-prepared GCN and MCN(20) in regions of N 1 s (a), C 1 s (b), K 2 s (c) and Na 2 s (d).

Fig. 5. XPS of VB (a) and band gap structures of as-prepared catalysts (b).

Fig. 6. PL (a) and EIS (b) of as-prepared catalysts (ZRe: real part of impedance; ZIm: imaginary part of impedance).

Fig. 7. H2O2 production ability over as-prepared catalysts under visible light (a) and H2O2 production abilities of GCN and MCN(20) under different reaction conditions (b).

Fig. 8. Influence of various scavengers on visible light photocatalytic activity of as-prepared catalysts.

Table 2 ?SBET alkali metal contents, H2O2 concentration and kinetic parameters of fresh and reused MCN(20).

Catalyst	S_BET (m² g^-1)	K⁺ content (wt%)	Na⁺ content (wt%)	H₂O₂ concentration (mmol L^-1)	k_f (mmol L^-1 h^-1)	k_d (h^-1)
Fresh MCN(20)	24.9	1.3	0.7	4.6	1.05	0.44
Reused MCN(20)	24.4	1.3	0.6	4.5	1.07	0.45

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Synthesis of band gap-tunable alkali metal modified graphitic carbon nitride with outstanding photocatalytic H₂O₂ production ability via molten salt method

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