Multifunctional flower-like core-shell Fe/Fe4N@SiO2 composites for broadband and high-efficiency ultrathin electromagnetic wave absorber

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.045

Abstract

Abstract:

The nano-iron nitride soft magnetic material has excellent magnetic properties and is expected to be a brilliant electromagnetic wave absorber. However, how to fully exploit its wave-absorbing potential remains a thought-provoking question. Here, we have synthesized Fe/Fe₄N@SiO₂ nanomagnetic core-shell materials with different Fe/Fe₄N ratios by performing nitridation reactions at different temperatures. Then, the flower-like core-shell Fe/Fe₄N@SiO₂ structure was obtained by the etching method. Finally, with the synergy of the excellent magnetic and dielectric losses, an outstanding absorption performance could be achieved with a minimum refection loss (RL_min) of −71.31 dB at the matching thickness of 1.4 mm, and the widest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) of 6.1 GHz less than −10 dB was realized at 1.16 mm. Moreover, this material also shows a preeminent advance in corrosion resistance to adapt to harsh environments. Hence, this iron nitride flower-like core-shell structure exhibits great potential in microwave absorption in harsh conditions.

Key words: Fe/Fe₄N@SiO₂, Flower-like core-shell structure, Multifunctions, Ultrathin microwave absorber

Wanjia Li, Wangchang Li, Yao Ying, Jing Yu, Jingwu Zheng, Liang Qiao, Juan Li, Shenglei Che. Multifunctional flower-like core-shell Fe/Fe₄N@SiO₂ composites for broadband and high-efficiency ultrathin electromagnetic wave absorber[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2023, 132: 90-99.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of synthesis process of flower-like core-shell structure Fe/Fe4N@SiO2 composite.

Fig. 2. (a) Research on nitriding mechanism and evolution of crystal structure of as-obtained hybrid composite. (b) XRD patterns of all samples. (c) Nitrogen content of all samples.

Fig. 3. SEM images of (a) the initial powder, (b) α-Fe2O3@SiO2, (c) FL-0, (d) FL-3 and (e-h) the element distribution of (d).

Fig. 4. VSM curves of all samples.

Fig. 5. TEM images of (a) FL-0, (b) FL-3, (c) ultrathin sectioned samples of FL-3, (d) HRTEM image at the interface of (c) and (e, f) lattice fringes of (d).

Fig. 6. (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. (b) Specific surface area of the coated powder, FL-0 and FL-3. (c) Thermal analysis of FL-3. (d) Potentiodynamic polarization curve of carbonyl iron powder; and XPS spectra for the samples of FL-3: (e) Full spectrum, (f) Fe 2p, (g) C 1s, (h) N 1s, (i) O 1s.

Table 1. Corrosion kinetic parameters of different samples in acidic solution of 5%NaCl.

Size	Carbonyl iron powder	FL-1	FL-3
E_corr (V)	−0.29	0.09	0.3
i_corr (A/cm²)	2.51 × 10^-4	6.31 × 10^-7	5.01 × 10^-8

Fig. 7. (a) Real part and (b) imaginary part of complex permittivity of all samples, (d) real part and (e) imaginary part of the complex permeability of all samples, (c) the dielectric loss tangent and (f) the magnetic loss tangent of all samples, (g) C0 of all samples, (h) attenuation constant of all samples.

Fig. 8. EMW absorption performance of FL-0 (a), FL-1 (b), FL-2 (c), FL-3 (d), FL-4 (e) and reflectance loss and impedance matching for all samples at optimum electromagnetic wave absorption performance (f).

Fig. 9. EM wave absorption mechanism of FL-3.

Table 2. Electromagnetic wave absorption performance of typical composites.

Sample	RL_min (dB)	d (mm)	EAB (GHz)	d (mm)	Refs.
Ni/NiO@C	−51.1	2.4	5.12	2.7	[4]
Nano-sized Fe₄N	−33	3	-	-	[20]
Fe₄N/MWCNTs	−10.91	2	-	-	[60]
Co/Co3O4@HCNs	−50.6	2.2	6.6	2.1	[61]
CF@MXene@ZnO	−67.35	3.5	5.44	4.0	[62]
Co@N-doped carbon shell	−60.6	2.4	5.1	1.9	[63]
Yolk-shell Ni@SnO₂	−50.2	1.5	4.8	1.7	[64]
Ti₃C₂T_x MXene@Ni Cu@Ni-O	−59.6 −43.5	1.5 -	4.48 7.3	- 2.8	[65] [66]
Carbon-based iron nitride	−44.48	3.02	4	1	[21]
Fe@Fe₄N submicron fiber	−39.8	5	5	2.5	[22]
γ′-Fe₄N@iron oxides	−38.5	1.24	-	-	[67]
Nanodendritic γ′-Fe₄N	−12	3	-	-	[68]
Fe₁₆N₂	−18.3	2.2	-	-	[69]
FL-3	−71.31	1.4	6.1	1.16	This work

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Multifunctional flower-like core-shell Fe/Fe₄N@SiO₂ composites for broadband and high-efficiency ultrathin electromagnetic wave absorber

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