Porous hybrid scaffold strategy for the realization of lightweight, highly efficient microwave absorbing materials

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.04.042

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring an advanced and efficient electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing material by improving dielectric loss capacity and adjusting impendence matching is crucial yet challenging. Herein, the bacterial cellulose (BC) derived carbon aerogel (CA) with a robust nanofibrous network was used as a conductive loss scaffold to dissipate EM waves effectively, and the ZnO microparticles with excellent dielectric properties and low electrical conductivity were decorated on the scaffold to adjust dielectric parameters and impedance matching adequately. By using different zinc precursors, the tunable size and morphologies of ZnO crystals were obtained due to the growth rate of different crystallographic, including flower-like, nanorod like, and cauliflower-like morphologies, which is beneficial to strong multiple reflections, intensive interfacial polarization, better impendence matching, as well as excellent maintenance of the hierarchical structure. Owing to the appropriate impendence matching and the considerable EM wave dissipation, the CA@ZnO composites achieve a superior EM absorbing performance with a broad effective absorbing bandwidth (whole X band) and a minimum reflection coefficient (−53.3 dB). This work paves a new way for developing lightweight and highly efficient EM absorbing materials comprising the carbon scaffold and semiconductor microparticles.

Key words: Carbon scaffold, ZnO microparticles, Morphologies, Impedance matching, Microwave absorption

Meng Zhu, Yuting Lei, Heng Wu, Luo Kong, Hailong Xu, Xuanxuan Yan, Yongjian Xu, Lei Dai. Porous hybrid scaffold strategy for the realization of lightweight, highly efficient microwave absorbing materials[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 129: 215-222.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. Synthesis of carbon aerogel (CA) and carbon aerogel@ZnO (CA@ZnO) composite. (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication processes of CA@ZnO. (b) Photos of BC and relative samples. (c-f) SEM images of CA and CA@ZnO composites.

Fig. 2. SEM images of (a1-a3) CA, (b1-b3) CA@ZnO-1, (c1-c3) CA@ZnO-2, and (d1-d3) CA@ZnO-3.

Fig. 3. TEM images of (a) CA, (b) CA@ZnO-1, (c) CA@ZnO-2, and (d) CA@ZnO-3. (e) STEM image and (f-h) element mapping images of CA@ZnO-2. (i-l) High-resolution TEM images of CA and CA@ZnO composites.

Fig. 4. (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of the CA and CA@ZnO composites, (c) O 1s spectra, and (d) Zn 2p spectra of the CA@ZnO composites.

Fig. 5. Dielectric properties of the samples. (a) Real part of permittivity, (b) imaginary part of permittivity, and (c) loss tangent value; reflection coefficient of (d) CA@ZnO-1, (e) CA@ZnO-2, (f) CA@ZnO-3, and (g) CA; (h) EAB histogram distribution map; (i) minimum RC of the CA@ZnO composites; (j) EM wave absorption mechanisms for CA@ZnO composites.

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