Porous carbon/Fe composites from waste fabric for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.02.051

Abstract

Abstract:

Nowadays, a large amount of waste fabrics has brought huge environmental and resource problems, while the traditional recycling routes are downcycling with low efficiency and complex separation processes. Herein, we demonstrate a green and facile route to up-recycle waste fabrics (cotton-polyester blending or cotton fabrics) into a high-performance microwave absorber. In this design, an assistant coating was deposited onto the fiber surface of the waste fabric through the assembly of tannic acid-Fe²⁺ (TA-Fe²⁺), which effectively catalyzed the polymer fiber into highly graphitized porous carbon fiber at high temperatures. Meanwhile, the Fe nanoparticles from the reduction of Fe²⁺ ions were evenly embedded on the surface of porous carbon fibers. Consequently, the resultant porous carbon/Fe composites with hierarchical microstructures displayed excellent microwave absorption performances. Typically, the microwave absorber from waste polyester-cotton blended fabric could reach a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -50.5 dB at a thin coating thickness of 1.7 mm, and the minimum RL from waste cotton fabric absorber reached -47.1 dB at a thickness of 2.5 mm. This work provides a new idea to convert waste fabrics into high value-added microwave absorbing materials in a simple and environmentally friendly way, which will help reuse resources and protect the environment.

Key words: Up recycling, Microwave absorption, Waste fabrics, Thin thickness

Jin-Bo Cheng, Hai-Bo Zhao, Ai-Ning Zhang, Yan-Qin Wang, Yu-Zhong Wang. Porous carbon/Fe composites from waste fabric for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 126: 266-274.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration for the synthesis of Porous C/Fe composite from waste polyester cotton fabric.

Fig. 2. SEM images of Porous C from waste CT (a), Porous C/Fe-2 composite (b-d), the relative element mapping images (e-g) and EDX data (h) of the selected area of Porous C/Fe-2 (d), the relative element content (i) for Porous C and Porous C/Fe-1/2/3 composites.

Fig. 3. TEM images (a, b), high-resolution TEM (c), and TEM mapping images (d) for Porous C/Fe-2 composite.

Fig. 4. XRD patterns (a), Raman spectra (b), XPS survey spectra of different samples (c), core-level spectrum of C 1 s (d), Fe 2p (e) in the Porous C/Fe-3 composite, TG curves (f) in air, Magnetization curves (g), Nitrogen sorption isotherms and size distributions (embedded figure) (h) based on the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method for Porous C/Fe-1/2/3 composites from waste polyester cotton fabric, (i) TGA curves in N2 atmosphere for different precursor samples.

Fig. 5. RL of Porous C/Fe-1-30 wt.% (a), Porous C/Fe-2-30 wt.% (b), Porous C/Fe-3-30 wt.% (c), Porous C/Fe-1-40 wt.% (d), Porous C/Fe-2-40 wt.% (e), and Porous C/Fe-3-40 wt.% (f).

Table 1. Microwave absorption properties of Porous C/Fe composites and other absorbers from waste materials and recent literature.

Samples	RL_min (dB)	d (mm)	EAB (GHz)	d (mm)	Ref.
Ni-loaded FA composites	−45.7	1.6	4.6	1.6	[53]
HCDC-30	−47.0	/	5.5	1.9	[27]
PVB-NiO-FAC	−47.5	2.5	5.4	2.5	[30]
MnFe₂O₄/bio-carbon	−38.8	2.5	3.6	2.5	[31]
Fe-loaded fly ash	−40.3	2.5	4.1	1.5	[32]
MnNiZn ferrite/waste toner	−22.5	5	4.55	6	[34]
CNT/Ni from the waste mask	−56.3	2.0	4.3	2.0	[36]
CoSn/N-doped carbon	−48.2	2.2	5.84	2.2	[54]
MnO@C hybrid	−76.0	2.0	5.2	2.1	[55]
NiCo/CeO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x-0.1	−42.48	2.0	6.32	1.9	[56]
C@Ni composite	−54.1	3.4	5.5	1.8	[57]
Porous C/Fe-1	−43.8	4.2	3.7	1.5	This work
Porous C/Fe-2	−48.4	2.245	4.2	1.5
Porous C/Fe-3	−50.5	1.7	3.2	1.5
Porous C/Fe-800	−47.1	2.5	4.4	2.5

Fig. 6. Real parts of permittivity (ε′, a), imaginary parts of permittivity (ε″, b), dielectric tangent loss values (ε″/ε′, c) for Porous C/Fe-1/2/3-40 wt.%. ε′-ε″ plots for Porous C/Fe-1-40 wt.% (d), Porous C/Fe-2-40 wt.% (e), Porous C/Fe-3-40 wt.% (f); Frequency dependences of relative impedance matching (|Zin/Z0|) at different thicknesses (g) and attenuation constants (h) for Porous C/Fe-1/2/3-40 wt.%. (i) Schematic illustration of the possible microwave absorption mechanism of Porous C/Fe composites.

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