The synergistic role of Ti microparticles and CeO2 nanoparticles in tailoring microstructures and properties of high-quality Ni matrix nanocomposite coating

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.08.002

Abstract

Abstract:

In current work, Ni-Ti-CeO₂ nanocomposite coatings were achieved by co-adding Ti microparticles and CeO₂ nanoparticles. Designed experiments and COMSOL computer simulation were applied to reveal the synergistic role of Ti microparticles and CeO₂ nanoparticles in tailoring the spatial microstructures and properties of Ni-Ti-CeO₂ nanocomposite coating. Unilaterally, the conductive Ti microparticles conducted the growth behavior of Ni grains by current density concentration, distorting electronic field lines and heterogeneous nucleation. Individual domains consisting of inner nanograins and outer radial columnar grains surrounded Ti microparticles, where Ti microparticles acted as seeds. Ti microparticles tended to be aggregated, leading to spatial heterogeneity of microstructures. Ni deposits buried the Ti microparticles in forms of “covering model”, contributing to the formation of inside voids and rough surface and aggregation of Ti microparticles; on the other hand, the non-conductive CeO₂ microparticles hardly changed the distribution of current density and electronic field lines on the cathode surface. Ni deposits buried the CeO₂ microparticle in forms of “stacking model”, avoiding the inside voids and aggregation of particles. The incorporation of CeO₂ microparticle brought in microstructure evolutions only on its top side without disturbing the growth behavior of Ni grains on its lateral side or bottom, suggesting the limited effects. This was correlated with the presence of current concentration above the CeO₂ microparticle at the last stage of burying CeO₂ microparticle. The co-addition of Ti microparticles and CeO₂ nanoparticles into Ni deposits exploited the complementary action of the two particles, which gave birth to satisfied spatial microstructures and improved hardness. Ti microparticles took major responsibility for microstructure evolutions, while the CeO₂ nanoparticles were mainly in charge of the microstructure homogeneity.

Key words: Nanocomposite coating, CeO₂ nanoparticle, Ti microparticles, Grain growth behavior, COMSOL computer simulation, Spatial microstructure and spatial hardness

Lianbo Wang, Shilong Xing, Zizhen Shen, Huabing Liu, Chuanhai Jiang, Vincent Ji, Yuantao Zhao. The synergistic role of Ti microparticles and CeO₂ nanoparticles in tailoring microstructures and properties of high-quality Ni matrix nanocomposite coating[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 105: 182-193.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1. XRD spectra: (a) pure Ni coating; (b) Ni-Ti nanocomposite coating; (c) Ni-Ti-CeO2 nanocomposite coating.

Fig. 2. AFM pictures: (a) pure Ni coating; (b) Ni-Ti nanocomposite coating; (c) Ni-Ti-CeO2 nanocomposite coating.

Fig. 3. SE images: (a) pure Ni coating; (b) Ni-Ti nanocomposite coating; (c) Ni-Ti-CeO2 nanocomposite coating; (d), (e) and (f) corresponding BSE images.

Fig. 4. Band contrast maps on cross section: (a) pure Ni and (d) Ni-Ti nanocomposite coating cross sections; (b) and (e) corresponding crystal orientation maps (y direction); (c) and (f) corresponding inverse pole figures.

Fig. 5. Cross-section of Ni-Ti-CeO2 nanocomposite coating: (a) and (b) band contrast maps; (c) and (d) crystal orientation maps (y direction); (e) and (f) inverse pole figures ((b) is the enlarged picture corresponding to the yellow dot line marked area in (a)).

Fig. 6. (a) SE image and (d) BSE image of Ni-Ti nanocomposite coating containing two Ti microparticles; (b) enlarged image at the interface of individual domain and vertical columnar grains; (e) enlarged image in the vicinity of Ti microparticle; (c) corresponding EBSD results.

Fig. 7. Low magnification images of Ni-Ti composite coating under (a) bright field and (b) dark field; (c) EDS result performed in position “I”; (d) high revolution image performed in position “III”; (e) and (f) SAED corresponding to area “II” and “I”.

Fig. 8. Cross section of Ni-CeO2 composite coating: (a), (b) and (c) band contrast maps; (d), (e) and (f) corresponding crystal orientation maps ((b) and (c) are enlarged figures of the yellow dot line marked areas in (a)).

Fig. 9. (a) low magnification image of Ni-CeO2 composite; (b) high-resolution image at the position marked “III” in (a); (c) and (d) SAED performed in the marked position “I” and “II” in (a).

Fig. 10. COMSOL simulation of current density maps of electroplating Ni-Ti composite around 2 μm sized Ti particles: (a) and (b) isolines of current density; (c) and (d) electronic lines.

Fig. 11. Time dependent isolines of current density during plating Ni-Ti composite: (a) 0 s; (b) 5 s; (c) 10 s; (d) 25 s; (e) 50 s; (f) 120 s.

Fig. 12. COMSOL simulation of current density maps during the electrodeposition of Ni-CeO2 composite materials around 2 μm sized CeO2 particles: (a) and (b) isolines of current density; (c) and (d) electronic lines.

Fig. 13. Time dependent isolines of current density during plating Ni-CeO2 composite: (a) 0 s; (b) 10 s; (c) 15 s; (d) 50 s; (e) 60 s; (f) 70 s; (g) 95 s; (h) 100 s; (i) 140 s.

Fig. 14. Hardness mappings: (a) and (d) pure Ni coating; (b) and (e) Ni-Ti nanocomposite coating; (c) and (f) Ni-Ti-CeO2 nanocomposite coating.

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The synergistic role of Ti microparticles and CeO₂ nanoparticles in tailoring microstructures and properties of high-quality Ni matrix nanocomposite coating

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