Two-dimensional porous zinc cobalt sulfide nanosheet arrays with superior electrochemical performance for supercapatteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.01.085

Abstract

Abstract:

Unique two-dimensional (2D) porous nanosheets with overwhelmingly rich channels and large specific surface area exhibit superior electrochemical capacitance performance, as compared to the conventional zero- and one-dimensional counterparts. As ternary transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are well recognized for their high electrochemical activity and capacity, and the replacement of oxygen with sulfur may result in high stability and flexible properties of the nanomaterials, as compared to transition metal oxides, herein we report the synthesis of 2D porous nanosheet arrays of Zn_xCo_1-_xS (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) via a facile hydrothermal process. Due to the synergistic effect of the metal components and a unique 2D porous structure, the Zn_0.5Co_0.5S electrode was found to stand out as the best among the series, with a high specific capacity of 614 C g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 and excellent cycle retention rate of 90 % over 10, 000 cycles at 10 A g^-1. Notably, a supercapattery based on a Zn_0.5Co_0.5S positive electrode and an activated carbon (AC) negative electrode (Zn_0.5Co_0.5S//AC) was found to display a 1.6 V voltage window, a 61 mA h g^-1 specific capacity at 1 A g^-1, a 49 Wh kg^-1 energy density at 957 W kg^-1 power density, and excellent cycling performance (88 % over 10, 000 cycles), suggesting tremendous potential of Zn_0.5Co_0.5S in the development of high-performance supercapattery devices.

Key words: Two-dimensional materials, Porous nanosheet, Zinc cobalt sulfide, Supercapattery, Electrochemical energy storage

Yang Li, Ziyang Luo, Shunfei Liang, Huizhen Qin, Xun Zhao, Lingyun Chen, Huayu Wang, Shaowei Chen. Two-dimensional porous zinc cobalt sulfide nanosheet arrays with superior electrochemical performance for supercapatteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 89: 199-208.

Figures/Tables 9

Scheme 1. Schematic of the synthetic procedure of ZnxCo1-xS.

Fig. 1. Representative SEM images of (a-d) Zn0.5Co0.5S, (e-f) Zn0.25Co0.75S, (g-h) Zn0.75Co0.25S, (i-j) CoS, and (k-l) ZnS nanosheets.

Fig. 2. TEM images of (a-c) Zn0.5Co0.5S, (d, e) Zn0.25Co0.75S, (f, g) Zn0.75Co0.25S, (h, i) CoS, and (j, k) ZnS nanosheets. Panel (b) inset is a zoom in of the boxed area. Top inset to panel (c) is the corresponding SAED patterns, and the bottom insets are the zoom in of the boxed areas.

Fig. 3. (a, b) XRD patterns and (c) crystal structure diagram of the ZnxCo1-xS nanosheets.

Fig. 4. (a) Full-survey spectrum of Zn0.5Co0.5S nanosheets, and the corresponding high-resolution XPS scans of the (b) Co 2p, (c) Zn 2p, and (d) S 2p electrons. (e) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and (f) pore size distribution of Zn0.5Co0.5S nanosheets.

Fig. 5. (a) CV curves of the ZnxCo1-xS nanosheets at the potential sweep rate of 40 mV s-1. (b) CV curves of the Zn0.5Co0.5S nanosheets with the potential sweep rate varied from 10 to 100 mV s-1. (c) Plot of cathodic and anodic peak currents of the Zn0.5Co0.5S electrode with the square root of the potential sweep rate. (d) Linear regressions of log (i) and log (v) of the Zn0.5Co0.5S electrode. (e) Capacitive and diffusion-controlled contributions to the total current of the Zn0.5Co0.5S electrode at 10 mV s-1. (f) Fraction of the capacitive contribution of the Zn0.5Co0.5S electrode at various potential sweep rates.

Fig. 6. (a) GCD profiles of the ZnxCo1-xS nanosheets at the 4 A g-1 fixed current density. (b) GCD curves of the Zn0.5Co0.5S nanosheets at 1 to 10 A g-1. (c) Comparison of the specific capacity of the ZnxCo1-xS electrodes at various current densities. (d) Specific capacity over 10, 000 GCD cycles at 10 A g-1, and (e) Nyquist plots of the ZnxCo1-xS electrodes. Top inset to panel (e) is the equivalent circuit, whereas the bottom inset is a zoom in of the low-impedance region.

Fig. 7. (a) Structural schematic of the ZnxCo1-xS//AC supercapattery. (b) CV curves of the Zn0.5Co0.5S and AC electrodes at the fixed potential sweep rate of 10 mV s-1. (c) CV curves at the potential sweep rate of 40 mV s-1 and (d) GCD profiles at 4 A g-1 current density of the Zn0.5Co0.5S//AC supercapattery in varied potential windows. (e) CV at different potential sweep rates and (f) GCD profiles at different current densities of the Zn0.5Co0.5S//AC supercapattery. (g) Variation of the specific capacitance of the ZnxCo1-xS//AC supercapatteries with current density. (h) Nyquist plots of the Zn0.5Co0.5S//AC supercapattery. Insets to panel (h) are (top) equivalent circuit and (bottom) zoom in of the low-impedance region.

Fig. 8. (a) Reversibility tests of 10, 000 GCD cycles at 10 A g-1 of the Zn0.5Co0.5S//AC supercapattery. (b) Ragone plot of the various ZnxCo1-xS//AC devices.

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