A multiphase sodium vanadium phosphate cathode material for high-rate sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.076

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 66: 121-127.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.076

• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles

A multiphase sodium vanadium phosphate cathode material for high-rate sodium-ion batteries

Chuan Wang^a^,^b^,¹, Hai Long^a^,^b^,¹, Lijiao Zhou^b, Chao Shen^a^,^b^,^*(), Wei Tang^c, Xiaodong Wang^d, Bingbing Tian^e, Le Shao^f, Zhanyuan Tian^f, Haijun Su^a^,^b, Keyu Xie^a^,^b^,^*()

^aResearch & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China
^bState Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
^cSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
^dCentral Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
^eInternational Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
^fShaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, Jinye Road, Xi’an 710070, China;

Received:2020-05-07 Revised:2020-05-28 Accepted:2020-05-29 Published:2021-03-10 Online:2021-04-01
Contact: Chao Shen,Keyu Xie
About author:kyxie@nwpu.edu.cn (K. Xie).
*Corresponding authors at: Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.E-mail addresses: shenchao@nwpu.edu.cn (C. Shen),
First author contact:
¹Chuan Wang and Hai Long contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Abstract:

The unsatisfactory rate capability and poor cycling stability at high rate of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have impeded their practical applications. Herein, a Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Na₃V₃(PO₄)₄ multiphase cathode materials for high-rate and long cycling SIBs was successfully synthesized by regulation the stoichiometric ratio of raw materials. The combined experiment and simulation results show that the multiphase materials consisted of NASICON structural phase Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and layered structure phase Na₃V₃(PO₄)₄, possess abundant phase boundaries. Electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the multiphase materials maintain a remarkable reversible capacity of 69.0 mA h g^-1 even at an ultrahigh current density of 100 C with a high capacity retention of 81.25 % even after 10,000 cycles. Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Na₃V₃(PO₄)₄ electrode exhibits a higher working voltage, superior rate capability and better cycling stability than Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ electrode, which indicates that the introduction of second phase can be an effective strategy for the development of novel cathode materials for SIBs.

Key words: Sodium-ion batteries, High-rate capability, Multiphase, Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃, Na₃V₃(PO₄)₄

Chuan Wang, Hai Long, Lijiao Zhou, Chao Shen, Wei Tang, Xiaodong Wang, Bingbing Tian, Le Shao, Zhanyuan Tian, Haijun Su, Keyu Xie. A multiphase sodium vanadium phosphate cathode material for high-rate sodium-ion batteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 66: 121-127.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1. (a) XRD pattern, (b) three-dimensional charge difference density profiles and (c) two-dimensional charge difference density profiles of Na3V2(PO4)3 (left)/Na3V3(PO4)4 (right) multiphase material. P1 and P2 belong to Na3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V3(PO4)4, respectively. The isosurface value was set to 0.03 e ?-3. The blue and yellow in Fig. (b) (or negative and positive values in Fig. (c)) represent charge loss and charge accumulation, respectively.

Fig. 2. (a) SEM image, (b) elemental mappings (Na, V, P and O) and (c) HRTEM image of Na3V2(PO4)3/Na3V3(PO4)4 multiphase materials.

Fig. 3. (a) Rate capability at different current densities, (b) charging and discharging curves with different rates and (c) long cycling performance at 100 C of Na3V2(PO4)3/Na3V3(PO4)4 electrode.

Fig. 4. (a) CV curves of Na3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)3/Na3V3(PO4)4 electrodes, (b) GITT curve and (c, d) the E vs t profile of Na3V2(PO4)3/Na3V3(PO4)4 electrode at 3.37 V and 3.92 V, respectively.

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A multiphase sodium vanadium phosphate cathode material for high-rate sodium-ion batteries

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