Characterisation of Photocathodes Based on Pb Thin Film Deposited by UV Pulsed Laser Ablation

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2013.09.010

Characterisation of Photocathodes Based on Pb Thin Film Deposited by UV Pulsed Laser Ablation

Francisco Gontad¹⁾, Antonella Lorusso²⁾, Giancarlo Gatti³⁾, Massimo Ferrario³⁾,Laura Gioia Passione^4,5), Luana Persano⁶⁾, Nicola Lovergine⁵⁾, Alessio Perrone²⁾

1) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare e Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
2) Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
3) Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Frascati, Italy
4) Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
5) Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
6) National Nanotechnology Laboratory (NNL), CNR e Istituto Nanoscienze, Lecce, Italy

Received:2012-11-29 Revised:2013-03-14 Online:2014-01-15 Published:2014-01-08
Contact: F. Gontad

Abstract

Abstract:

This work deals with the deposition of lead (Pb) thin films by the UV pulsed laser ablation technique, for their further use as photocathode devices in superconducting radio frequency guns. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses were performed to study the morphological features of Pb thin films deposited on Si (100) and Nb substrates. The films showed a granular structure with a nearly fully covered surface only for that one deposited on Nb substrate. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the growth of polycrystalline Pb thin films with a preferential orientation along (111) planes. Results of the photoemission performance of Pb thin film deposited on Nb substrate showed a very encouraging average value of quantum efficiency of 6 × 10⁻⁵ through a single-photon absorption process, promoting further studies in the realisation of Pb photocathodes by this technique.

Key words: Pulsed laser deposition, Lead thin film, Metallic photocathodes, Quantum efficiency

Francisco Gontad, Antonella Lorusso, Giancarlo Gatti, Massimo Ferrario,Laura Gioia Passione, Luana Persano, Nicola Lovergine, Alessio Perrone. Characterisation of Photocathodes Based on Pb Thin Film Deposited by UV Pulsed Laser Ablation[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2013.09.010.

References

[1] L. Cultrera, S. Grigorescu, G. Gatti, P. Miglietta, F. Tazzioli, A. Perrone, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9 (2009) 1585-1588.

[2] K.L. Jensen, D.W. Feldman, P.G. O’Shea, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2004) 5448-5450.

[3] P.G. O’Shea, H.P. Freund, Science 292 (2001) 1853-1858.

[4] H.H. Braun, E. Chevallay, S. Hutchins, P. Legros, G. Suberlucq,H. Trautner, I.N. Ross, E. Bente, in: Proceedings to the ParticleAccelerator Conference, Chicago, 2001.

[5] T. Srinivasan-Rao, J. Fisher, T. Sang, J. Appl. Phys. 69 (1991)3291-3296.

[6] T. Srinivasan-Rao, J. Schill, I. Ben Zvi, M. Woodle, Rev. Sci.Instrum. 69 (1998) 2292-2296.

[7] X.J. Wang, T. Srinivasan-Rao, K. Batchelor, I. Ben-Zvi, J. Fischer,Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 356 (1995) 159-166.

[8] L. Cultrera, G. Gatti, P. Miglietta, F. Tazzioli, A. Perrone, Nucl.Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 587 (2008) 7-12.

[9] A. Lorusso, V. Fasano, A. Perrone, K. Lovchinov, J. Vac. Sci.Technol. A 29 (2011) 031502.

[10] J. Sekutowicz, Int. J. Mod. Phys. 22 (2007) 3942-3956.

[11] J. Sekutowicz, J. Iversen, D. Klinke, D. Kostin,W. Moller, A. Muhs,P. Kneisel, L. Smedley, T. Rao, P. Strzyzewski, A. Soltan, Z. Li, K. Ko, L. Xiao, R. Lefferts, A. Lipski, M. Ferrario, in: Proceedings to the Particle Accelerator Conference, Alburquerque, 2007.

[12] J.K. Sekutowicz, P. Kneisel, R. Nietubyc, T. Rao, J. Smedley, in:Proceedings to the International Particle Accelerator Conference,Kyoto, 2010.

[13] J. Smedley, T. Rao, J.Warren, P. Kneisel, J. Sekutowicz, J. Iversen, D.Klinke, D. Kostin,W. Möller, A. Muhs, P. Strzyzewski, A. Soltan, in:Proceedings of Energy Recovery Linacs, Daresbury, 2007.

[14] J.K. Sekutowicz, A. Muhs, P. Kneisel, R. Nietubyc, in: Proceedings of Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, 2009.

[15] D.H. Dowell, I. Bazarov, B. Dunham, K. Harkay, C. Hernandez-Garcia, R. Legg, H. Padmore, T. Rao, J. Smedley, W. Wan, Nucl.Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 622 (2010) 685-697.

[16] J. Smedley, T. Rao, J. Sekutowicz, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14(2011) 090401.

[17] F. Gontad, A. Lorusso, A. Perrone, Thin Solid Films 520 (2012)3892-3895.

[18] A. Perrone, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 (2002) 2163-2170.

[19] R.K. Singh, J. Narayan, Phys. Rev. B 41 (1990) 8843-8859.

[20] J.M. Fishburn, M.J. Withford, D.W. Coutts, J.A. Piper, Appl. Surf.Sci. 252 (2006) 5182-5188.

[21] A. Perrone, A. Zocco, L. Cultrera, D. Guido, Appl. Surf. Sci. 197-198 (2002) 251-256.

[22] B. Houng, C.Y. Kim, M.J. Haun, IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr.Freq. Control 47 (2000) 808-818.

[23] PDF Card No. 29-0782, ICPDS-International Centre for Powder Diffraction Data, 2000.

[24] A. Lorusso, F. Gontad, A. Perrone, N. Stankova, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14 (2011) 090401.

[25] W. Wendelen, B.Y. Mueller, D. Autrique, B. Rethfeld, A. Bogaerts,J. Appl. Phys. 111 (2012) 113110.

[26] PDF Card No. 04-0686, ICPDS-International Centre for Powder Diffraction Data, 2000.

[27] PDF Card No. 34-0370, ICPDS-International Centre for Powder Diffraction Data, 2000.