Innovative design of Ag-based braze alloy and composites for dissimilar joints: Strategies and prospects

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.04.006

Abstract

Abstract: Ag-based braze alloy has emerged as a promising filler for the fabrication of key components through joining between dissimilar materials, including but not limited to metals, ceramic, glass, graphite, diamond and C/C composite. A tremendous effort has been employed to develop new types of Ag-based braze alloy and composite braze alloy with desirable properties. However, the continuous emergence of new materials, extreme complexity of brazing structure and extreme severity of service environment continuously addresses new challenges for the new materials under extreme conditions, including the poor wettability, excessive brittle phase, high residual stress and deteriorated property of brazed joints, hindering the development of key components. This review is anticipated to deliver new guidelines for the design and utilization of Ag-based braze alloy and composite braze alloy toward the practical application in brazing with a desirable performance. Additionally, perspectives on future Ag-based braze alloy development are discussed.

Key words: Ag-based braze alloy, Flux-cored braze alloy, Layered composite braze alloy, Brazing, Microstructures, Properties

Zongye Ding, Junchao Yang, Guan Huang, Yongtao Jiu, Weimin Long, Sujuan Zhong, Jian Qin, Quanbin Lu, Hao Guo, Jianguo Li, Qiaodan Hu. Innovative design of Ag-based braze alloy and composites for dissimilar joints: Strategies and prospects[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 239: 180-194.

References

[1] Q.X. Yin, G.Q. Chen, X.Y. Teng, Y. Xiang, X.S. Leng, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 194 (2024) 43-50.
[2] B. Tan, Y.S. Hu, B.Y. Yuan, X.Z. Hu, Z.H. Huang, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 110 (2021) 102952.
[3] K. Mori, Y. Abe, T. Kato, J. Mater. Process.Technol. 214 (2014) 2002-2008.
[4] H.Q. Ang, Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 34 (2021) 2.
[5] M.Z. You, W.M. Long, G.X. Zhang, S.J. Zhong, H.W. Dong, D.L. Wang, S.Z. Wei, H. Yu, Z.Y. Ding, Intermetallics 181 (2025) 108751.
[6] J. Singh, M.S. Khan, J.P. Oliveira, K.S. Arora, J. Manuf. Process. 115 (2024) 289-309.
[7] X.G. Song, N. Jiang, H. Bian, H.S. Kim, D.Y. Lin, W.M. Long, S.J. Zhong, L.H. Jia, D.J. Hu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 185 (2024) 32-47.
[8] Y.C. Deng, H. Liu, M. Zhang, X.B. Zhang, Q.Q. Wang, S.P. He, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 30 (2023) 677-686.
[9] R.X. Yi, C. Chen, Y.X. Li, H. Peng, H.Y. Zhang, W.Q. Ren, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech. 111 (2020) 963-983.
[10] S.N. Li, Q.B. Lu, D. Du, Y.Y. Pei, L. Zhang, H.W. Sun, W.M. Long, Weld. World 66 (2022) 61-68.
[11] D. Kokabi, A. Kaflou, Weld. World 65 (2021) 1189-1198.
[12] Y.W. Mao, S. Wang, L.X. Peng, Q.R. Deng, P. Zhao, B.B. Guo, Y.Z. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. 51 (2016) 1671-1679.
[13] W.M. Long, D.S. Liu, X. Dong, A.P. Wu, Surf. Eng. 36 (2020) 1315-1326.
[14] Y.J. Zhu, W.F. Ding, Z.Y. Zhao, Y.C. Fu, H.H. Su, Acta Metall. Sin.-Engl. Lett. 30 (2017) 641-649.
[15] S.N. Li, D. Du, Y.T. Jiu, J. Qin, Q.M. Liu, W.M. Long, J. Mater. Eng.Perform. 31 (2022) 1277-1284.
[16] Q.B. Lu, J.L. Huang, Z.Y. Ding, D.W. Hu, G.M. Lu, W.M. Long, Weld. World 68 (2024) 2501-2509.
[17] J.L. Huang, W.M. Long, S.J. Zhong, J. Mech. Sci.Technol. 34 (2020) 711-717.
[18] L. Hardwick, P. Webb, R. Goodall, Mater. Today Commun. 35 (2023) 105524.
[19] X.X. Wang, G. Wu, S. Li, P. He, N.W. Fang, W.M. Long, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 23 (2023) 370-378.
[20] J.L. Yang, S.B. Xue, P. Xue, Z.P. Lv, W.M. Long, G.X. Zhang, Q.K. Zhang, P. He, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 651 (2016) 425-434.
[21] Y. Cui, J.W. Xian, A. Zois, K. Marquardt, H. Yasuda, C.M. Gourlay, Acta Mater. 249 (2023) 118831.
[22] M. Zorc, B. Zorc, J. Medved, A. Nagode, Metals 13 (2023) 1513.
[23] F. Khan, S.H. Rajendran, J.P. Jung, Met. Mater. Int. 30 (2024) 1145-1169.
[24] Z.Y. He, L. Ding, Mater. Chem. Phys. 49 (1997) 1-6.
[25] X.Z. Zhang, G.W. Liu, J.N. Tao, H.C. Shao, J. Mater. Eng.Perform. 26 (2017) 488-494.
[26] X. He, P. He, J.C. Feng, J.H. Zhang, F.Q. Zhu, Mater. Charact. 59 (2008) 1721-1727.
[27] J. Cao, L.X. Zhang, H.Q. Wang, L.Z. Wu, J.C. Feng, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 27 (2011) 377-381.
[28] L.X. Zhang, J.C. Feng, B.Y. Zhang, X.M. Jing, Mater. Lett. 59 (2005) 110-113.
[29] L.O. Siqueira, I.B. Picchi, A.L. Andrade, E.A. Lopez, N.B. Lima, T.F. Santos, Met-allogr. Microstruc. Anal. 10 (2021) 174-183.
[30] X. Shi, Y.X. Li, Y.J. Bai, X.B. Zheng, S.Y. Yao, Z.T. Zhu, H. Chen, Mater. Charact. 182 (2021) 111562.
[31] Y. Zheng, N. Li, J.Z. Yan, Y.T. Cao, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 661 (2016) 25-31.
[32] W.S. Ko, J.S. Lee, D.H. Kim, J. Mater. Res. 37 (2022) 145-161.
[33] M.C. Zhou, S.Y. Huang, J.H. Hu, Y. Lei, F.L. Zou, S.W. Yan, M. Yang, Powder Technol 313 (2017) 68-81.
[34] L. Wang, D.Q. Yu, J. Zhao, M.L. Huang, Mater. Lett. 56 (2002) 1039-1042.
[35] X.X. Wang, J. Peng, D. Cui, J. Mater. Eng.Perform. 27 (2018) 2233-2238.
[36] J.Y. Liu, J. Zhang, C.F. Liu, T.P. Wang, Ceram. Int. 43 (2017) 11668-11675.
[37] Y. Peng, J.L. Li, Y.J. Du, J.T. Xiong, J.M. Shi, Vacuum 187 (2021) 110134.
[38] C. Lejuste, F. Hodaj, L. Petit, Intermetallics 36 (2013) 102-108.
[39] T. Fukikoshi, Y. Watanabe, Y. Miyazawa, F. Kanasaki, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng, 61, 2014.
[40] Z.M. Lai, S.B. Xue, X.P. Han, L.Y. Gu, W.H. Gu, Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 39 (2010) 397-400.
[41] X.R. Wang, D.K. Yu, Y.M. He, S.S. Huang, R. Chen, Mater. Sci. 3 (2013) 16-21.
[42] M.G. Li, D.Q. Sun, X.M. Qiu, S.Q. Yin, Mater. Sci. Technol. 21 (2005) 1318-1322.
[43] Q.C. Luo, X.B. Xue, J. Wu, Crystals 11 (2021) 1403.
[44] J. Wu, S.B. Xue, Z. Yao, W.M. Long, Crystals 11 (2021) 557.
[45] L. Sisamouth, M. Hamdi, T. Ariga, J. Alloy. Compd. 504 (2010) 325-329.
[46] J. Wu, S.B. Xue, L. Liu, P. Zhang, Q.C. Luo, Crystals 12 (2022) 1151.
[47] C.L. Ma, S.B. Xue, B. Wang, J. Alloy. Compd. 688 (2016) 854-862.
[48] J.Q. Zhang, J.C. Xu, Y.C. Fu, S.B. Xue, Y.H. Zhang, Crystals 13 (2023) 1597.
[49] Z.Y. Ding, W.M. Long, Y.T. Jiu, S.J. Zhong, D.Q. Jiang, C. Liu, J.W. Yang, J. Qiao, Crystals 13 (2023) 68.
[50] B. Cui, W.X. Zhao, R.Z. Zuo, L. Zhang, Z. Cheng, Y.T. Jiu, J. Qin, Y.C. Fu, D. Xu, Diam. Relat. Mater. 126 (2022) 109110.
[51] T. Jin, C.X. Zhang, S.J. Zhong, H.W. Sun, Z.F. Yan, G.D. Wen, D. Xu, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 28 (2024) 1084-1093.
[52] Z.R. Li, J. Cao, B. Liu, J.C. Feng, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 15 (2010) 59-63.
[53] C.L. Ma, S.B. Xue, B. Wang, J.X. Wang, A.M. Hu, J. Mater. Eng.Perform. 26 (2017) 3180-3190.
[54] C.Y. Yang, J.H. Xu, W.F. Ding, Z.Z. Chen, Y.C. Fu, J. Rare Earth. 27 (2009) 1051-1055.
[55] P. Xue, Y. Zou, P. He, Y.Y. Pei, H.W. Sun, C.L. Ma, J.Y. Luo, Metals 9 (2019) 198.
[56] J. Wu, S.B. Xue, P. Zhang, Crystals 11 (2021) 929.
[57] L. Zhang, W.M. Long, S.J. Zhong, M. Wang, H.W. Dong, Rare Metal. Mater. Eng. 51 (2022) 3905-3909.
[58] S.J. Zhong, Y.K. Shi, Y.P. Li, J. Qin, H. Yu, D.T. Cui, W.M. Long, Nanotechnol. Rev. 12 (2023) 20220509.
[59] Z.W. Liu, A.Q. Wang, P. Liu, J.P. Xie, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 18 (2022) 2354-2362.
[60] K. Kaiwa, S. Yaoita, Y. Sasaki, T. Watanabe, Adv. Mater. Res. 922 (2014) 322-327.
[61] J.H. Fang, M. Xie, Y.C. Yang, Y.T. Chen, J.Q. Hu, H.W. Ma, J.M. Zhang, S. Wang, M.M. Liu, S. Chen, Mater. Res. Express 6 (2019) 046310.
[62] G.Q. Mu, W.Q. Qu, Y.H. Zhang, H.S. Zhuang, J. Mater. Sci. 58 (2023) 6297-6312.
[63] M. Hasanabadi, A. Shamsipur, H.N. Sani, H. Omidvar, S. Sakhaei, Trans. Non-ferrous Met. Soc. China 27 (2017) 2638-2646.
[64] T. Kuzumaki, T. Ariga, Y. Miyamoto, ISIJ Int. 30 (1990) 1135-1141.
[65] S. Yaoita, T. Watanabe, T. Sasaki, Mater. Res. Innov. 17 (2013) 142-147.
[66] G. Triantafyllou, J.T.S.Irvine, J. Mater. Sci. 51 (2016) 1766-1778.
[67] S.N. Li, D. Du, L. Zhang, X.G. Song, Y.G. Zhang, G.Q. Huang, W.M. Long, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 60 (2021) 92-111.
[68] B. Chen, W.J. Zou, W.W. Li, S.B. Wu, H.P. Xiong, X. Wu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 50 (2020) 13-20.
[69] Y.L. Li, Q. Wu, W. Lin, H.Y. Wu, B. Tu, L. Zhang, P. Pan, M. Lei, Diam. Relat. Mater. 145 (2024) 111045.
[70] J.L. Deng, H. Li, M.J. Deng, X.Y. Xia, J.L. Liu, S.W. Fan, L.T. Zhang, L.F. Cheng, Mater. Today Commun. 28 (2021) 102544.
[71] P.C. Wang, W.H. Liu, J.Z. Li, W.T. Shi, Z.S. Liu, S. Zhao, X. Nai, H.Y. Chen, Q. Wang, W.Y. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci. 652 (2024) 159257.
[72] A. Ghosh, A.K. Chattopadhyay, Int. J. Refract. Met. H. 68 (2017) 96-103.
[73] X.J. Guo, X.Q. Si, C. Li, S.H. Zhao, B. Yang, J.L. Qi, J. Cao, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 15090-15097.
[74] J.M. Shi, Q. Wang, J.L. Li, J.T. Xiong, L.X. Zhang, J.C. Feng, Mater. Charact. 156 (2019) 109850.
[75] J.L. Shang, J.Z. Yan, N. Li, J. Alloy. Compd. 611 (2014) 91-95.
[76] R.T. Li, W. Pan, J. Chen, J. Lian, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 335 (2002) 21-25.
[77] J. Yang, J.H. Huang, Z. Ye, S.H. Chen, R. Ji, Y. Zhao, Appl. Surf. Sci. 436 (2018) 768-778.
[78] Z.Y. Zheng, S.H. Wang, D. Han, R.N. Ma, A. Du, Y.Z. Fan, X. Zhao, X.M. Cao, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 27 (2023) 4169-4179.
[79] Z. Sun, L.X. Zhang, B. Zhang, Q. Chang, Y.N. Song, Mater. Des. 189 (2020) 108515.
[80] Y.M. He, J. Zhang, X.D. Li, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 616 (2014) 107-115.
[81] Y.X. Zhao, M.R. Wang, J. Cao, X.G. Song, D.Y. Tang, J.C. Feng, Mater. Des. 76 (2015) 40-46.
[82] Z.W. Yang, J.M. Lin, Y. Wang, D.P. Wang, Vacuum 143 (2017) 294-302.
[83] G.B. Lin, J.H. Huang, H. Zhang, J. Mater. Process.Technol. 189 (2007) 256-261.
[84] Y. Peng, J.L. Li, J.M. Shi, S.W. Li, J.T. Xiong, Vacuum 192 (2021) 110430.
[85] P.C. Wang, X.F. Liu, H.H. Wang, J. Cao, J.L. Qi, J.C. Feng, Mater. Charact. 185 (2022) 111754.
[86] X.Y. Dai, J. Cao, Z.C. Wang, X.Y. Wang, L. Chen, Y.X. Huang, J.C. Feng, Ceram. Int. 43 (2017) 15296-15305.
[87] M.C. Halbig, B.P. Coddington, R. Asthana, M. Singh, Ceram. Int. 39 (2013) 4151-4162.
[88] Y.Y. Song, D. Liu, S.P. Hu, X.G. Song, J. Cao, J. Eur. Ceram.Soc. 39 (2019) 696-704.
[89] X.G. Song, J. Cao, Y.F. Wang, J.C. Feng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528 (2011) 5135-5140.
[90] Y. Luo, X.G. Song, S.P. Hu, Z.Q. Xu, Z.H. Li, Y. Lei, J. Eur. Ceram.Soc. 41 (2021) 1407-1414.
[91] L.X. Zhang, Z. Sun, Q. Chang, J.M. Shi, J.C. Feng, Ceram. Int. 45 (2019) 1698-1709.
[92] X.Y. Dai, J. Cao, Z. Chen, X.G. Song, J.C. Feng, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 6319-6328.
[93] D.R. Simhan, A. Ghosh, Diam. Relat. Mater. 136 (2023) 110056.
[94] Z.H. Zhong, G.X. Hou, Z.X. Zhu, Z.Q. Wang, G.P. Wang, Y.C. Wu, Ceram. Int. 44 (2018) 11862-11868.
[95] D. Dong, D.D. Zhu, Y.F. Liang, X.H. Wang, S.Y. Zhu, J.P. Lin, J. Mater. Res.Tech-nol. 11 (2021) 1942-1952.
[96] X.Y. Li, L. Liu, Y.Y. Song, D. Liu, S.P. Hu, X.G. Song, J. Cao, Chinese J. Aeronaut. 34 (2021) 205-213.
[97] L. Zhang, W.M. Long, N. Jiang, K.K. Xu, M.L. Li, Z.H. Li, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 36 (2022) 2250046.
[98] Y.X. Li, C. Chen, R.X. Yi, Y.W. Ouyang, J. Manuf. Process. 60 (2020) 608-635.
[99] J.C. Zhao, D.F. Lv, W.M. Long, S.J. Zhong, Q.K. Zhang, L. Zhang, Weld. Join. 5 (2016) 9-11 (in Chinese).
[100] B. Wang, W.M. Long, M.F. Wang, P.Z. Yin, S.K. Guan, S.J. Zhong, S.B. Xue, Crys-tals 11 (2021) 1045.
[101] H. Wang, S.B. Xue, J. Mater.Sci: Mater. Electron. 27 (2016) 1-13.
[102] B. Wang, W.M. Long, S.J. Zhong, S.B. Xue, S.K. Guan, Y.F. Cheng, Electric Weld. Mach. 51 (2021) 1-9 (in Chinese).
[103] L. Zhang, M.F. Wu, J. Pu, S.B. Xue, S.Q. Wang, Y.B. Lou, S.J. Qian, Hot Working Technol. 51 (2022) 39-41 (in Chinese).
[104] L.L. Zhang, H. Yu, J. Ma, S.J. Zhong, Y.T. Jiu, S.Z. Wei, W.M. Long, A.A. Volinsky, Vacuum 169 (2019) 108928.
[105] H. Yu, L.L. Zhang, F.F. Cai, Y.P. Li, Y.K. Shi, S.J. Zhong, Y.T. Jiu, J. Ma, S.Z. Wei, W.M. Long, Trans. Mater. Heat Treat. 42 (2021) 174-180 (in Chinese).
[106] H. Yu, L.L. Zhang, F.F. Cai, S.J. Zhong, J. Ma, L. Bao, Y.T. Jiu, B.L. Hu, S.Z. Wei, W.M. Long, Nanotechnol. Rev. 9 (2020) 1034-1043.
[107] J. Pu, L. Zhang, M.F. Wu, W.M. Long, S.J. Zhong, T.S. Lin, Trans. China Weld. Institution 42 (2021) 58-64 (in Chinese).
[108] M. Wang, G.X. Zhang, S.J. Zhong, Y.X. Shen, W.M. Long, H.W. Dong, X.F. Liu, Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 50 (2021) 2859-2866 (in Chinese).
[109] S.J. Zhong, J. Qin, M. Wang, D.T. Cui, W.M. Long, Trans. China Weld. Institution 44 (2023) 16-21 (in Chinese).
[110] S.J. Zhong, Y.P. Li, Y.K. Shi, J. Qin, H. Yu, D.T. Cui, W.M. Long, Mater. Res. Ex-press 9 (2022) 116514.
[111] X. Xie, X.D. Zou, M. Zhong, S. Basu, C. Wang, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 55 (2024) 1203-1207.
[112] X. Xie, M. Zhong, T. Zhao, C. Wang, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 30 (2023) 150-157.
[113] S. Ginzburg, L. Morozova, A. Kloshek, R. Ossenbrink, V. Michailov, E. Bobryn-ina, T. Koltsova, O. tolochko, M. Kocak, S. Ozbek, Weld. Cutting 19 (2020) 48-53.
[114] J. Pu, S.B. Xue, L. Zhang, M.F. Wu, W.M. Long, S.Q. Wang, S.J. Qian, T.S. Lin, Mater. Rep. 35 (2021) 08134-08139 (in Chinese).
[115] J. Pu, S.B. Xue, M.F. Wu, W.M. Long, S.Q. Wang, T.S. Lin, Trans. China Weld Inst. 41 (2020) 46-52.
[116] Z. Yao, S.B. Xue, J.L. Yang, J.X. Zhang, Crystals 10 (2020) 183.
[117] J.X. Zhang, S.B. Xue, P. Xue, J.L. Yang, Z.P. Lv, Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 46 (2017) 1900-1904 (in Chinese).
[118] Y. Zhang, Y.K. Chen, D.S. Yu, D.Q. Sun, H.M. Li, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 9 (2020) 16214-16236.
[119] R.X. Yi, C. Chen, C. Shi, Y.X. Li, H.J. Li, Y.B. Ma, Ceram. Int. 47 (2021) 20807-20820.
[120] W.L. Wang, D.Y. Fan, J.H. Huang, C.L. Li, J. Yang, S.H. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 728 (2018) 1-9.
[121] J. Yang, X.Y. Zhang, G.L. Ma, P.P. Lin, Y.Q. Xu, Z.G. Liu, T.S. Lin, P. He, K.J. Song, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 11 (2021) 2114-2126.
[122] J. Wu, J.Z. Yan, H.B. Peng, D. Bai, H.J. Shi, Z.H. Liu, R.Q. Zhang, M. Li, Y.H. Wen, N. Li, J. Eur. Ceram.Soc. 44 (2024) 3777-3783.
[123] J.C. Lin, J.F. Zhou, D. Yu, J.Q. Zhao, S.Y. Zhang, T.S. Lin, P.P. Lin, P. He, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 20 (2022) 1659-1664.
[124] J. Yang, X.Y. Zhang, G.L. Ma, P.P. Lin, Y.Q. Xu, T.S. Lin, P. He, Z.G. Liu, W.M. Long, J. Li, J. Eur. Ceram.Soc. 41 (2021) 4025-4036.
[125] X.Q. Cai, D.P. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.W. Yang, J. Manuf. Process. 64 (2021) 1349-1358.
[126] P.X. Li, Y.T. Yan, J. Ba, P.C. Wang, H.H. Wang, X.X. Wang, J.H. Lin, J. Cao, J.L. Qi, J. Manuf. Process. 85 (2023) 935-947.
[127] R. Garg, S. Gonuguntla, S. Sk, M.S. Iqbal, A.O. Dada, U. Pal, M. Ahmadipour, Adv. Colloid Interfac. Sci. 330 (2024) 103203.
[128] J.M. Shi, N. Ma, L.X. Zhang, J.C. Feng, J. Manuf. Process. 34 (2018) 495-502.
[129] Y.T. Zhao, Y. Wang, Z.W. Yang, D.P. Wang, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 19 (2018) 1-10.
[130] W.B. Guo, Z.L. Yu, Z.J. Ding, W.S. Bian, H.T. Xue, A.H. Li, Y.R. Hu, C. Fan, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 20 (2023) 2610-2619.
[131] H.Y. Chen, X. Nai, S. Zhao, D.C. Lu, Z.K. Shen, W.Y. Li, C.Y. Lu, J. Cao, J. Am. Ceram.Soc. 105 (2022) 3786-3796.
[132] F.S. Ong, H. Tobe, E. Sato, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 762 (2019) 138096.
[133] C. Jiang, H. Chen, X. Zhao, S.F. Qiu, D.Q. Han, G.Q. Gou, Int. J. Refract. Met. H. Mater. 70 (2018) 1-8.
[134] Y.X. Shen, Z.L. Li, C.Y. Hao, J.S. Zhang, J. Eur. Ceram.Soc. 32 (2012) 1769-1774.
[135] H.D. Guan, X.B. He, Z.J. Zhang, T. Zhang, X.H. Qu, New Carbon Mater. 38 (2023) 804-824.
[136] L.X. Zhang, B. Zhang, Z. Sun, S.Y. Liu, M. Lei, J.C. Feng, Ceram. Int. 46 (2020) 10224-10232.
[137] B.X. Jin, X. Huang, M.Q. Zou, Y.J. Zhao, S.G. Wang, Y.W. Mao, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 3455-3463.
[138] S.J. Zhong, L. Zhang, M.L. Li, W.M. Long, F.J. Wang, Mater. Des. 215 (2022) 110439.
[139] W. Wang, Z.Y. Luo, G. Wang, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 23 (2023) 4757-4765.
[140] X.Y. Tian, J.C. Feng, J.M. Shi, H.W. Li, L.X. Zhang, Ceram. Int. 41 (2015) 145-153.
[141] Y. Zhu, D. Qi, W. Guo, H. Kang, P. Qu, Weld. World 59 (2015) 491-496.
[142] Z.Y. Wang, G. Wang, M.N. Li, J.H. Lin, Q. Ma, A.T. Zhang, Z.X. Zhong, J.L. Qi, J.C. Feng, Carbon 118 (2017) 723-730.
[143] C. Li, L. Chen, X.Y. Wang, X.Y. Dai, X.Q. Si, J.L. Qi, Y.X. Huang, J.C. Feng, J. Cao, Mater. Lett. 253 (2019) 105-108.
[144] Y. Jia, T. Li, X.G. Chen, H.T. Xue, W.B. Guo, C.X. Chen, Ceram. Int. 49 (2023) 21296-21307.
[145] J. Zhang, J.Y. Liu, T.P. Wang, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 34 (2018) 713-719.
[146] J.C. Feng, D. Liu, L.X. Zhang, X.C. Lin, P. He, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527 (2010) 1522-1528.
[147] B.B. Fan, J.K. Xu, H.C. Lei, L. Zhao, D. An, Z.P. Xie, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 18551-18557.
[148] S.W. Chen, A.H. Chu, D.S.H.Wong, J. Alloy. Compd. 699 (2017) 448-454.
[149] Q.Y. Zhu, S.H. Li, K.J. Hu, X.W. Liang, Y.Y. Cai, Z. Liu, Y. Zhang, Ceram. Int. 47 (2021) 30247-30255.
[150] M. Ali, K.M. Knowles, P.M. Mallinson, J.A. Fernie, Acta Mater. 103 (2016) 859-869.
[151] Z.W. Yang, L.X. Zhang, Y.C. Chen, J.L. Qi, P. He, J.C. Feng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 575 (2013) 199-205.
[152] G. Wang, Y.J. Cai, Q.M. Xu, C. Zhou, C.W. Tan, W. Cao, J. Mater. Res.Technol. 9 (2020) 3430-3437.
[153] M. Li, K.Q. Shi, D.D. Zhu, D. Dong, L. Liu, X.H. Wang, J. Manuf. Process. 66 (2021) 220-227.
[154] T.P. Wang, T. Ivas, W. Lee, C. Leinenbach, J. Zhang, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 7080-7087.
[155] M.K. Lee, J.G. Lee, J.K. Lee, J.J. Park, G.J. Lee, Y.R. Uhm, C.K. Rhee, J. Mater. Res. 23 (2008) 2254-2263.
[156] P. Liu, S.J. Zhong, Y.Y. Pei, G.X. Zhang, G.D. Mo, G.X. Wang, Mater. Sci. Technol. 39 (2023) 2456-2463.
[157] S.S. Guo, L.B. Sun, Z. Zheng, J. Fang, Y. Wen, C.F. Liu, J. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta 379 (2021) 138193.
[158] B. Fotovvati, N. Namdari, A. Dehghanghadikolaei, J. Manuf. Mater.Process. 3 (2019) 28.
[159] Z.Q. Wang, C. Li, R. Kiebach, I. Ritucci, M. Chen, J. Cao, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 121 (2022) 174-180.
[160] C.L. Xin, W.B. Liu, N. Li, J.Z. Yan, S.Q. Shi, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 9599-9604.
[161] P.K. Choudhar, A. Laik, P. Mishra, J. Mater. Eng.Perform. 26 (2017) 1085-1100.
[162] J.M. Shi, L.X. Zhang, H. Liu, Z. Sun, J.C. Feng, J. Mater. Sci. 54 (2019) 2766-2778.
[163] X.X. Wang, S. Li, J. Peng, Mater. Res. Express 5 (2018) 016522.
[164] C.L. Xin, J.Z. Yan, N. Li, W.B. Liu, J.S. Du, Y.T. Cao, H.J. Shi, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 12586-12593.
[165] R.L. Qiao, J. Qin, G.X. Zhang, W.M. Long, P. Liu, S.J. Zhong, J. Mater. Sci. 59 (2024) 6525-6536.
[166] X.X. Wang, S. Li, J. Peng, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 32 (2018) 1850198.
[167] W. Guo, T.F. Gao, X.F. Cui, Y. Zhu, P.K. Chu, Ceram. Int. 41 (2015) 11605-11610.
[168] Z.W. Yang, C.L. Wang, Y. Han, Y.T. Zhao, Y. Wang, D.P. Wang, Carbon 143 (2019) 494-506.
[169] J. Ba, X. Ji, B. Wang, P.X. Li, J.H. Lin, J. Cao, J.L. Qi, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 104 (2022) 33-40.
[170] Q. Ma, Z.R. Li, L.S. Yang, J.H. Lin, J. Ba, Z.Y. Wang, J.L. Qi, J.C. Feng, Sci. Rep. 7 (2017) 4187.
[171] C. Li, X.Q. Si, X.Y. Dai, X. Zhang, Y. Chen, J.L. Qi, Z.B. Dong, J.C. Feng, J. Cao, Sci. Rep. 9 (2019) 12027.
[172] J. Ba, P.X. Li, B. Wang, J.H. Lin, J. Cao, J.L. Qi, Vacuum 195 (2022) 110700.
[173] G.L.W.Hart, T. Mueller, C.Toher, S. Curtarolo, Nat. Rev. Mater. 6 (2021) 730-755.
[174] C.S. Wang, H.D. Fu, L. Jiang, D.Z. Xue, J.X.Xie, npj Comput.Mater. 5 (2019) 87.
[175] J.H. Li, Y.B. Zhang, X.Y. Cao, Q. Zeng, Y. Zhuang, X.Y. Qian, H. Chen, npj Com-put.Mater. 1 (2020) 73.
[176] C. Wen, Y. Zhang, C.X. Wang, D.Z. Xue, Y. Bai, S. Antonov, L.H. Dai, T. Lookman, Y.J. Su, Acta Mater. 170 (2019) 109-117.
[177] C.T. Wu, H.T. Chang, C.Y. Wu, S.W. Chen, S.Y. Huang, M.X. Huang, Y.T. Pan, P. Bradbury, J. Chou, H.W. Yen, Mater. Today 34 (2020) 41-50.
[178] M. Ghorbani, M. Boley, P.N.H.Nakashima, N. Birbilis, J.Magnes. Alloy. 11 (2023) 3620-3633.
[179] W. Trehern, R. Ortiz-Ayala, K.C. Atli, R. Arroyave, I. Karaman, Acta Mater. 228 (2022) 117751.
[180] L.S. Guo, X. Xu, Q. Wang, J. Park, H. Lei, L. Zhou, X.H. Wang, J. Hazard. Mater. 467 (2024) 133682.
[181] X. Li, X.G. Zhou, G.M. Cao, S.H. Xu, Y. Wang, Z.Y. Liu, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 52 (2021) 3171-3181.
[182] A.H. Elsheikh, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intel. 121 (2023) 105961.
[183] J. Qin, F. Hu, Y. Liu, P. Witherell, C.C.L.Wang, D.W. Rosen, T.W. Simpson, Y. Lu, Q.Tang, Addit. Manuf. 52 (2022) 102691.
[184] Z.Y. Ding, T.X. Yang, Q.D. Hu, N.F. Zhang, W.Q. Lu, J.W. Yang, J. Qiao, Y.T. Jiu, W.M. Long, J.G. Li, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 53 (2022) 4334-4348.
[185] T.M. Wang, F. Cao, P. Zhou, H.J. Kang, Z.N. Chen, Y.N. Fu, T.Q. Xiao, W.X. Huang, Q.X. Yuan, J. Alloy. Compd. 616 (2014) 550-555.
[186] Z.Y. Ding, L. Yu, N.F. Zhang, W.Q. Lu, J.G. Li, Q.D. Hu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 209 (2025) 43-54.
[187] Z.Y. Ding, N.F. Zhang, L. Yu, W.Q. Lu, J.G. Li, Q.D. Hu, Acta Metall. Sin.-Engl. Lett. 34 (2021) 145-168.
[188] Z.Y. Ding, Q.D. Hu, W.Q. Lu, J.G. Li, Acta Metall. Sin. 58 (2022) 567-580 (in Chinese).
[189] L. Qu, N. Zhao, H.J. Zhao, M.L. Huang, H.T. Ma, Scr. Mater.72-73 (2014) 43-46.
[190] B.F. Guo, A. Kunwar, C.R. Jiang, N. Zhao, J.H. Sun, J. Chen, Y.P. Wang, M.L. Huang, H.T. Ma, J. Mater.Sci: Mater. Electron. 29 (2018) 589-601.
[191] Z.Y. Ding, Q.D. Hu, W.Q. Lu, S.Y. Sun, M.X. Xia, J.G. Li, Scr. Mater. 130 (2017) 214-218.
[192] Z.Y. Ding, Q.D. Hu, S. Cao, T.X. Yang, F. Yang, L. Yu, W.Q. Lu, N.F. Zhang, J.G. Li, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 51 (2020) 5245-5256.
[193] N.F. Zhang, Q.D. Hu, Z.Y. Ding, W.Q. Lu, F. Yang, J.G. Li, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 116 (2022) 83-93.
[194] W.J. Qian, S.C. Wu, L.M. Lei, Q.D. Hu, C.K. Liu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 175 (2024) 80-103.
[195] Y.Z. Huang, T.G. Fleming, S.J. Clark, S. Marussi, K. Fezzaa, J. Thiyagalingam, C.L.A.Leung, P.D. Lee, Nat. Commun. 13 (2022) 1170.
[196] C. Zhao, N.D. Parab, X.X. Li, K. Fezzaa, W.D. Tan, A.D. Rollett, T. Sun, Science 370 (2020) 1080-1086.
[197] L. Aucott, H.B. Dong, W. Mirihanage, R. Atwood, A. Kidess, S.A. Gao, S.W. Wen, J. Marsden, S. Feng, M.M. Tong, T. Connolley, M. Drakopoulos, C.R. Kleijn, I.M. Richardson, D.J. Browne, R.H. Mathiesen, H.V. Atkinson, Nat. Commun. 9 (2018) 5414.
[198] Y.D. Wang, Y.K. Wang, S.L. Li, R.G. Li, Scr. Mater. 224 (2023) 115144.
[199] J. Gussone, C. Reinhard, G. Kasperovich, H. Gherekhloo, T. Merzouk, J. Haus-mann, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 612 (2014) 102-114.
[200] Z.L. Li, H.C. Shi, P.L. Zhang, Z.S. Yu, Q.H. Lu, H. Yan, T.Z. Sun, J. Mater. Sci. 58 (2023) 14945-14996.
[201] T. Yang, X.L. Yi, S.W. Lu, K.H. Johansson, T.Y. Chai, Engineering 7 (2021) 1224-1230.