Amorphous high-entropy phosphoxides for efficient overall alkaline water/seawater splitting

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2023.08.003

Abstract

Abstract: Designing and synthesizing cost-effective bifunctional catalysts for overall alkaline water/seawater splitting is still a huge challenge for hydrogen production. Herein, Co/Ni/Fe/Mn based-amorphous high-entropy phosphoxide self-standing electrode (CNFMPO) is synthesized by the facile and fast electrodeposition method. CNFMPO exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performances on alkaline water/seawater electrolysis. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotentials of CNFMPO in alkaline water/seawater are as low as 43/73 and 252/282 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, respectively. Additionally, two-electrode electrolyzers with CNFMPO||CNFMPO successfully achieve the current density of 10 mA cm^-2 at low voltages of 1.54 and 1.56 V for overall alkaline water/seawater splitting, respectively. CNFMPO exhibits satisfactory long-term stability on overall alkaline water/seawater splitting for the surface reconstruction into active metal hydroxide/(oxy)hydroxide, phosphite, and phosphate. Moreover, no hypochlorite is detected during seawater electrolysis for the beneficial chlorite oxidation inhibition of the reconstructed phosphite and phosphate. The excellent catalytic performances of CNFMPO are due to the unique amorphous structure, multi-component synergistic effect, beneficial electronic structure modulation, and surface reconstruction during the catalytic reaction process. Therefore, CNFMPO has shown potential promotion to the development of the water/seawater splitting industry as a promising substituent for noble-metal electrocatalysts. This work provides new insights into the design of efficient bifunctional catalysts for overall water/seawater splitting.

Key words: Amorphous high-entropy phosphoxides, Water/seawater splitting, Synergistic effect, Surface reconstruction, Electronic structure modulation, Inhibition of chloride oxidation reaction

Han-Ming Zhang, Lihao Zuo, Yuhang Gao, Junxia Guo, Caizhen Zhu, Jian Xu, Jinfeng Sun. Amorphous high-entropy phosphoxides for efficient overall alkaline water/seawater splitting[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 173: 1-10.

References

[1] J. Zhao, A.K. Patwary, A. Qayyum, M. Alharthi, F. Bashir, M. Mohsin, I. Hanif, Q. Abbas, Energy 238 (2022) 122029.
[2] M. Younas, S. Shafique, A. Hafeez, F. Javed, F. Rehman, Fuel 316 (2022) 123317-123339.
[3] A. Pareek, R. Dom, J. Gupta, J. Chandran, V. Adepu, P.H. Borse, Mater. Sci. En-ergy Technol. 3 (2020) 319-327.
[4] Z.Y. Yu, Y. Duan, X.Y. Feng, X. Yu, M.R. Gao, S.H. Yu, Adv. Mater. 33 (2021) 2007100.
[5] S. Dresp, F. Dionigi, S. Loos, J. Ferreira de Araujo, C.Spöri, M. Gliech, H. Dau, P. Strasser, Adv. Energy Mater. 8 (2018) 1800338.
[6] H. Xie, Z. Zhao, T. Liu, Y. Wu, C. Lan, W. Jiang, L. Zhu, Y. Wang, D. Yang, Z. Shao, Nature 612 (2022) 673-678.
[7] M. Ning, F. Zhang, L. Wu, X. Xing, D. Wang, S. Song, Q. Zhou, L. Yu, J. Bao, S. Chen, Z. Ren, Energy Environ. Sci. 15 (2022) 3945-3957.
[8] B. Wang, G. Zhao, Q. Yan, N. Wang, B. Duolihong, H. Xie, X. Xia, Chem. Eng. J. 462 (2023) 142138.
[9] X. Jiang, X. Yue, Y. Li, X. Wei, Q. Zheng, F. Xie, D. Lin, G. Qu, Chem. Eng. J. 426 (2021) 130718.
[10] W.-J. Jiang, T.Tang, Y. Zhang, J.-S. Hu, Acc. Chem. Res. 53 (2020) 1111-1123.
[11] Z. Kou, K. Wang, Z. Liu, L. Zeng, Z. Li, B. Yang, L. Lei, C. Yuan, Y. Hou, Small Struct. 3 (2021) 2100153.
[12] J. Liu, S. Duan, H. Shi, T. Wang, X. Yang, Y. Huang, G. Wu, Q. Li, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 61 (2022) e202210753.
[13] H. Zhang, A.W. Maijenburg, X. Li, S.L. Schweizer, R.B. Wehrspohn, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 (2020) 2003261.
[14] Y. Wang, B. Kong, D. Zhao, H. Wang, C. Selomulya, Nano Today 15 (2017) 26-55.
[15] S. Loomba, M.W. Khan, M. Haris, S.M. Mousavi, A. Zavabeti, K. Xu, A. Tadich, L. Thomsen, C.F. McConville, Y. Li, S. Walia, N. Mahmood, Small 19 (2023) e2207310.
[16] L. Wu, L. Yu, F. Zhang, B. McElhenny, D. Luo, A. Karim, S. Chen, Z. Ren, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 (2020) 2006484-2006495.
[17] X. Han, C. Yu, Y. Niu, Z. Wang, Y. Kang, Y. Ren, H. Wang, H.S. Park, J. Qiu, Small Methods 4 (2020) 2000546.
[18] Y. Li, Y. Wu, H. Hao, M. Yuan, Z. Lv, L. Xu, B. Wei, Appl. Catal. B 305 (2022) 121033.
[19] Q. Zhang, Z.L. Zhe Ru, R. Daiyan, P. Kumar, J. Pan, X. Lu, R. Amal, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 (2021) 53798-53809.
[20] H.-M. Zhang, J.-J. Wang, Y. Meng, F. Lu, M. Ji, C. Zhu, J. Xu, J. Sun, Energy Mater. Adv.2022 (2022) 0006.
[21] J. Liu, X. Liu, H. Shi, J. Luo, L. Wang, J. Liang, S. Li, L.-M. Yang, T. Wang, Y. Huang, Q. Li, Appl. Catal. B 302 (2022) 120862-120872.
[22] H. Huang, A. Cho, S. Kim, H. Jun, A. Lee, J.W. Han, J. Lee, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 (2020) 2003889-2003897.
[23] H.-M. Zhang, J.-J. Wang, Y. Meng, J. Sun, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 47 (2022) 36084-36097.
[24] H. Zhou, M. Zheng, H. Pang, Chem. Eng. J. 416 (2021) 127884.
[25] B. Yang, J. Xu, D. Bin, J. Wang, J. Zhao, Y. Liu, B. Li, X. Fang, Y. Liu, L. Qiao, L. Liu, B. Liu, Appl. Catal. B 283 (2021) 119583.
[26] H.W. Sheng, W.K. Luo, F.M. Alamgir, J.M. Bai, E. Ma, Nature 439 (2006) 419-425.
[27] Y. Li, S. Wang, X. Wang, M. Yin, W. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 43 (2020) 32-39.
[28] C. Mahajan, V. Hasannaeimi, M. Pole, E. Kautz, B. Gwalani, S. Mukherjee, Cor-ros. Sci. 207 (2022) 110578.
[29] K. Chhetri, T. Kim, D. Acharya, A. Muthurasu, B. Dahal, R.M. Bhattarai, P.C.Lo-hani, I.Pathak, S. Ji, T.H. Ko, H.Y. Kim, Chem. Eng. J. 450 (2022) 138363.
[30] Y.V. Kaneti, Y. Guo, N.L.W.Septiani, M. Iqbal, X.Jiang, T. Takei, B. Yuliarto, Z.A. Alothman, D. Golberg, Y. Yamauchi, Chem. Eng. J. 405 (2021) 126580.
[31] X. Zhang, J. Hu, X. Cheng, K.A. Nartey, L. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta 367 (2021) 137536.
[32] S. Yang, T. Li, Y. Tan, J. Mater. Chem. A 9 (2021) 13936-13949.
[33] P. Zhang, X.F. Lu, J. Nai, S.Q. Zang, X.W.D.Lou, Adv. Sci. 6 (2019) 1900576.
[34] D. Lai, Q. Kang, F. Gao, Q. Lu, J. Mater. Chem. A 9 (2021) 17913-17922.
[35] Z. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Wu, Y. Pan, H. Li, Y. Han, G. Xu, J. Chi, J. Lai, L. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 437 (2022) 135375.
[36] Q. Wang, J. Li, Y. Li, G. Shao, Z. Jia, B. Shen, Nano Res. 15 (2022) 8751.
[37] H. Li, J. Lai, Z. Li, L. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 (2021) 2106715.
[38] H. Zhu, S. Sun, J. Hao, Z. Zhuang, S. Zhang, T. Wang, Q. Kang, S. Lu, X. Wang, F. Lai, T. Liu, G. Gao, M. Du, D. Wang, Energy Environ. Sci. 16 (2023) 619-628.
[39] H.-M. Zhang, C.Zhu, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9 (2020) 16270-16279.
[40] X. Yu, Z.Y. Yu, X.L. Zhang, Y.R. Zheng, Y. Duan, Q. Gao, R. Wu, B. Sun, M.R. Gao, G. Wang, S.H. Yu, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 141 (2019) 7537-7543.
[41] L. Chai, S. Liu, S. Pei, C. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 420 (2021) 129686-129695.
[42] K. Wang, K. Sun, T. Yu, X. Liu, G. Wang, L. Jiang, G. Xie, J. Mater. Chem. A 7 (2019) 2518-2523.
[43] Y. Deng, Y. Cao, Y. Xia, X. Xi, Y. Wang, W. Jiang, D. Yang, A. Dong, T. Li, Adv. Energy Mater. 12 (2022) 2202394.
[44] M. de Oliveira Camargo, J.L. Castagnari Willimann Pimenta, M. de Oliveira Ca-margo, P.A. Arroyo, Fuel 281 (2020) 118719.
[45] C. Zhou, H. Li, W. Zhang, J. Li, S. Huang, Y. Meng, J.D. Christiansen, D. Yu, Z. Wu, S. Jiang, Polymer 90 (2016) 111-121.
[46] X. Zhang, K. Schneider, G. Liu, J. Chen, K. Brüning, D. Wang, M. Stamm, Polymer 52 (2011) 4141-4149.
[47] Z. Shan, Y. Liu, Z. Chen, G. Warrender, J. Tian, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 33 (2008) 28-33.
[48] T.-C. Yuan, R.-D. Li, K.-C. Zhou, T. Nonferr, Metal. Soc. 17 (2007) 762-765.
[49] W. Dai, L. Lin, Y. Li, F. Li, L. Chen, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 44 (2019) 28746-28756.
[50] H. Radinger, P. Connor, S. Tengeler, R.W. Stark, W. Jaegermann, B. Kaiser, Chem. Mater. 33 (2021) 8259-8266.
[51] W. Li, M. Chen, Y. Lu, P. Qi, G. Liu, Y. Zhao, H. Wu, Y. Tang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 598 (2022) 153717.
[52] Q. Yan, T. Wei, J. Wu, X. Yang, M. Zhu, K. Cheng, K. Ye, K. Zhu, J. Yan, D. Cao, G. Wang, Y. Pan, Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) 9640-9648.
[53] M. Chen, H. Li, C. Wu, Y. Liang, J. Qi, J. Li, E. Shangguan, W. Zhang, R. Cao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2206407.
[54] L. Aguilera, Y. Leyet, A. Almeida, J.A. Moreira, J.P. de la Cruz, E.A. Milán-Garcés, R.R. Passos, L.A. Pocrifka, J. Alloy. Compd. 874 (2021) 159858.
[55] S. Wang, Q. Jiang, S. Ju, C.S. Hsu, H.M. Chen, D. Zhang, F. Song, Nat. Commun. 13 (2022) 6650.
[56] A. Moysiadou, S. Lee, C.S. Hsu, H.M. Chen, X. Hu, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 142 (2020) 11901-11914.
[57] R. Wei, Q. Zhu, F. Han, Q. Guan, W. Li, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 38774-38782.
[58] H. Qiao, X. Wang, Q. Dong, H. Zheng, G. Chen, M. Hong, C.-P. Yang, M. Wu, K. He, L. Hu, Nano Energy 86 (2021) 106029.
[59] Q. Ji, Y. Kong, H. Tan, H. Duan, N. Li, B. Tang, Y. Wang, S. Feng, L. Lv, C. Wang, F. Hu, W. Zhang, L. Cai, W. Yan, ACS Catal. 12 (2022) 4318-4326.
[60] Y. Xie, C. Yu, X. Song, Q. Zhang, L. Ni, J. Yu, W. Ren, K. Liu, J. Qiu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2207438.
[61] A.D. Jagadale, D.P. Dubal, C.D. Lokhande, Mater. Res. Bull. 47 (2012) 672-676.
[62] H. Antony, S. Peulon, L. Legrand, A. Chaussé, Electrochim. Acta 50 (2004) 1015-1021.
[63] Z. Yan, H. Sun, X. Chen, H. Liu, Y. Zhao, H. Li, W. Xie, F. Cheng, J. Chen, Nat. Commun. 9 (2018) 2373.
[64] X. Zhou, Y. Mo, F. Yu, L. Liao, X. Yong, F. Zhang, D. Li, Q. Zhou, T. Sheng, H. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 (2022) 2209465.
[65] L. Liao, Y. Zhao, H. Zhou, D. Li, Y. Qi, Y. Zhang, Y. Sun, Q. Zhou, F. Yu, Small 18 (2022) e2203171.
[66] H. Cheng, Q. Liu, Y. Diao, L. Wei, J. Chen, F. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 (2021) 2103732.
[67] G. Liu, Y. Zhao, R. Yao, N. Li, M. Wang, H. Ren, J. Li, C. Zhao, Chem. Eng. J. 355 (2019) 49-57.
[68] G. Liu, Y. Wu, R. Yao, F. Zhao, Q. Zhao, J. Li, Green Energy Environ. 6 (2021) 496-505.
[69] K.E. Salem, A.A. Saleh, G.E. Khedr, B.S. Shaheen, N.K. Allam, Energy Environ. Mater. 6 (2022) e12324.
[70] T.X. Nguyen, N.-H. Ting, J.-M. Ting, J. Power Sources 552 (2022) 232249.
[71] Y.R. Hao, H. Xue, J. Sun, N. Guo, T. Song, J. Sun, Q. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 (2021) 56035-56044.
[72] R. Liu, T. Song, H. Xue, J. Sun, N. Guo, J. Sun, Y.-R. Hao, Q.Wang, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6 (2023) 692-701.
[73] G. Liu, Y. Zhao, K. Wang, D. He, R. Yao, J. Li, A.C.S.Sustain, Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) 2353-2361.
[74] Y. Luo, P. Wang, G. Zhang, S. Wu, Z. Chen, H. Ranganathan, S. Sun, Z. Shi, Chem. Eng. J. 454 (2023) 140061.
[75] J. Liu, L. Guo, Matter 4 (2021) 2850-2873.
[76] L. Liu, W. Li, X. He, J. Yang, N. Liu, Small 18 (2022) e2104205.
[77] F. Zhang, Y. Liu, F. Yu, H. Pang, X. Zhou, D. Li, W. Ma, Q. Zhou, Y. Mo, H. Zhou, ACS Nano 17 (2023) 1681-1692.
[78] I.K. Mishra, H. Zhou, J. Sun, F. Qin, K. Dahal, J. Bao, S. Chen, Z. Ren, Energy Environ. Sci. 11 (2018) 2246-2252.
[79] M. Caban-Acevedo, M.L. Stone, J.R. Schmidt, J.G. Thomas, Q. Ding, H.C. Chang, M.L. Tsai, J.H. He, S. Jin, Nat. Mater. 14 (2015) 1245-1251.
[80] L. Yu, J. Zhang, Y. Dang, J. He, Z. Tobin, P. Kerns, Y. Dou, Y. Jiang, Y. He, S.L. Suib, ACS Catal. 9 (2019) 6919-6928.
[81] M. Xiao, C. Zhang, P. Wang, W. Zeng, J. Zhu, Y. Li, W. Peng, Q. Liu, H. Xu, Y. Zhao, H. Li, L. Chen, J. Yu, S. Mu, Mater. Today Phys. 24 (2022) 100684.
[82] L. Guo, B. Yu, P. Zhou, T. Zhang, F. Wang, Corros. Sci. 183 (2021) 109329.
[83] W. Zhang, N. Han, J. Luo, X. Han, S. Feng, W. Guo, S. Xie, Z. Zhou, P. Subrama-nian, K. Wan, J. Arbiol, C. Zhang, S. Liu, M. Xu, X. Zhang, J. Fransaer, Small 18 (2022) e2103561.
[84] K. Wu, X. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Luo, W. Cao, Y. Cao, H. Xie, Y. Yan, H. Lin, J. Zhu, K. Rui, Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 (2023) 2214075.
[85] A. Dutta, N. Pradhan, J. Phys. Chem.Lett. 8 (2017) 144-152.
[86] P. Wang, J. Qi, X. Chen, C. Li, W. Li, T. Wang, C. Liang, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter-faces 12 (2020) 4385-4395.
[87] J. Lu, C. Li, H. Wang, S. Ji, X. Wang, R. Wang, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 46 (2021) 12936-12943.