Growing CoNi nanoalloy@N-doped carbon nanotubes on MXene sheets for excellent microwave absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Recently, two-dimensional MXene materials have attracted numerous attention in electromagnetic wave shielding/absorption. Hybridizing magnetic materials and constructing multi-dimensional structures in MXene is highly beneficial to improve electromagnetic wave absorption properties. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for in situ growing 0D CoNi nanoalloy-encapsulated 1D N-doped carbon nanotubes on a 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene sheet through an electrostatic assembly process followed by a high-temperature pyrolysis process. The resultant 201-structured MXene-CoNi@N-doped carbon nanotube (MXene-CoNi@NCNT) composites displayed high surface areas (55.6-103.7 m²/g), moderate magnetism (19.8-24.6 emu/g), and excellent thermal oxidation stabilities (≥ 307 °C). In addition, the unique 2D/0D/1D architectures entrusted the composites with abundant interfaces, various defects, and numerous nitrogen dopants. Taking advantage of the special 201 structure and the existence of both magnetic and dielectric loss, the MXene-CoNi@NCNT composite showed great impedance matching and strong attenuation performance. A strong reflection loss of -55.3 dB was achieved when the coating thickness was 2.1 mm, and a wide effective absorption bandwidth of 4.3 GHz was achieved at a thickness of 1.5 mm, much superior to that of similar absorbers. This work demonstrates a novel strategy for designing electromagnetic wave absorbers with magnetic and dielectric losses accompanied by multiple dimensional structures.

Key words: Microwave absorption, Ti₃C₂T_x Mxene, N-doped carbon nanotubes, Multiple dimensional structures

Jinbo Cheng, Bowen Liu, Yanqin Wang, Haibo Zhao, Yuzhong Wang. Growing CoNi nanoalloy@N-doped carbon nanotubes on MXene sheets for excellent microwave absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 130: 157-165.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1. Microwave absorption performances for MXene-CoNi@NCNT composites and other MXene-based or CNT-based absorbers in recent literature.

Samples	RL_min (dB)	d (mm)	EAB (GHz)	d (mm)	Refs.
NiCo-LDH/MXene hybrid	-64.24	2.18	4.48	2	[35]
NiSe₂-CoSe₂@C/Ti₃C₂T_x	-60.46	2.6	5.68	2.2	[40]
MXene@Fe₃O₄	-63.3	1.8	5.2	1.8	[21]
MXene-MoS₂	-46.72	2	4.32	2	[41]
NiFe₂O₄@SiO₂@MXene	-52.8	2	7.2	1.5	[3]
NiCo/CeO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x	-42.48	2	6.32	1.9	[42]
CuS/Ti₃C₂T_x	-45.3	3.5	5.2	2	[43]
Single-layer Ti₃C₂T_x	-43.5	1.8	6.88	1.8	[44]
CNT/BaFe₁₂O₁₉	-43.9	1.5	3.9	1.5	[38]
Ti₃C₂T_x/CNT	-52.9	2.4	4.46	1.55	[45]
Ti₃C₂T_x@ZnO	-57.4	2	6.56	2.3	[13]
WS₂ nanosheets/CNTs	-51.6	1.95	5.4	1.95	[46]
CoNi@NCNT	-64.5	3.125	3.8	2	[25]
GA-CNT-CoNi aerogel	-56.8	1.5	7.8	1.5	[47]
MXene-CoNi@NCNT-800	-55.3	2.1	4.3	1.5	This work

Fig. 1. (a) XRD pattern and (b) Raman spectra in the range of 1000-2000 cm-1 for different samples, (c) Raman spectrum for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-800 composite in the range of 100-2000 cm-1, (d) XPS survey spectra for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700/800/900 composites, and core-level spectrum of (e) Co 2p, (f) Ni 2p, (g) C 1 s, (h) N1s, (i) Ti 2p for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-800 composite.

Fig. 2. SEM images for (a, d) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700 composite, (b, e) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-800 composite, and (c, f) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-900 composite.

Fig. 3. (a, b) TEM images, (c) high-resolution TEM image, and (d-h) TEM mapping images for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-800 composite.

Fig. 4. (a) TG curves in air, (b) magnetization curves, (c) nitrogen sorption isotherms, and size distributions (inserted) based on the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700/800/900 composites.

Fig. 5. RL curves of (a, d) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700 composite, (b, e) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-800 composite, and (c, f) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-900 composite.

Fig. 6. (a) Real parts of permittivity (ε′), (b) imaginary parts of permittivity (ε″), and (c) dielectric tangent loss values (ε″/ε′) for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700/800/900 composites; (d) ε′-ε″ plots for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700 composite, (e) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-800 composite, and (f) MXene-CoNi@NCNT-900 composite. (g) Real parts of permeability (μ′), (h) imaginary parts of permeability (μ″), and (i) permeability tangent loss values (μ″/μ′) for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700/800/900 composites.

Fig. 7. Frequency dependences of (a) relative impedance matching (|Zin/Z0|) at 2.1 mm and (b) attenuation constants for MXene-CoNi@NCNT-700/800/900 composites.

Scheme 1. Schematic fabrication process of MXene-CoNi@NCNT composites.

Scheme 2. Schematic illustration for the possible microwave absorption mechanism of MXene-CoNi@NCNT composites.

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