Synthesis of covalently bonded reduced graphene oxide-Fe3O4 nanocomposites for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.09.012

Abstract

Abstract:

High-performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers, covalently bonded reduced graphene oxide-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites (rGO-Fe₃O₄), are synthesized via hydrothermal reaction, amidation reaction and reduction process. The microstructure, surface element composition and morphology of rGO-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites are characterized and corresponding EM wave absorption properties are analyzed in great detail. It demonstrates that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are successfully covalently grafted onto graphene by amide bonds. When the mass ratio of rGO and Fe₃O₄ is 2:1 (sample S2), the absorber exhibits the excellent EM wave absorption performance that the maximum reflection loss (RL) reaches up to -48.6 dB at 14.4 GHz, while the effective absorption bandwidth (RL<-10 dB) is 6.32 GHz (11.68-18.0 GHz) with a matching thickness of 2.1 mm. Furthermore, radar cross section (RCS) simulation calculation is also adopted to evaluate the ability of absorbers to scatter EM waves, which proves again that the absorption performance of absorber S2 is optimal. The outstanding EM wave absorption performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between dielectric and magnetic loss, good attenuation ability and excellent impedance matching. Moreover, covalent bonds considered to be carrier channels can facilitate electron migration, adjust EM parameters and then enhance EM wave absorption performance. This work provides a possible method for preparing efficient EM wave absorbers.

Key words: Covalent bond, EM wave absorption, RCS simulation calculation, rGO-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites

Xudong Liu, Ying Huang, Ling Ding, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Panbo Liu, Tiehu Li. Synthesis of covalently bonded reduced graphene oxide-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 72: 93-103.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the preparation process of rGO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns of rGO, Fe3O4, NH2-Fe3O4 and absorbers S1～S3; (b) Raman spectra of rGO and S1-S3; (c) Volume resistivity of S1-S3 (45 wt.% filling ratio in paraffin); (d) Magnetic hysteresis loops of Fe3O4 and S1-S3; (e) Thermogravimetric loss curves of rGO, Fe3O4 and S1-S3; (f) FT-IR spectra of S1-S3.

Fig. 3. (a) XPS survey spectra of Fe3O4, NH2-Fe3O4 and S1-S3, (b) C 1s spectrum and (c) Fe 2p spectrum of S2, (d-f) N 1s spectra of S1-S3.

Fig. 4. SEM images and C, N, O, Fe elemental distribution mappings of (a) NH2-Fe3O4, (b) S1, (c) S2 and (d) S3.

Fig. 5. (a-c) TEM images of S2 at different multiples; (d) high-resolution TEM image and selected area electron diffraction pattern of S2.

Fig. 6. 3D reflection loss graphs of Fe3O4 (a), S1 (b), S2 (c) and S3 (d).

Fig. 7. (a, b) real permittivity ε′ and imaginary permittivity ε″, (c) dielectric tangent loss tan δE, (d, e) real permeability μ′ and imaginary permeability μ″, (f) magnetic tangent loss tan δM of Fe3O4 and S1-S3.

Fig. 8. Three-dimensional graphs of Z values of (a) S1, (b) S2 and (c) S3.

Fig. 9. Reflection loss curves, calculated matching thicknesses and experimental matching thicknesses of S1 (a), S2 (b) and S3 (c).

Fig. 10. (a) Schematic diagram, (b) polar coordinate diagram, (c) three-dimensional spherical coordinate diagrams of HFSS simulation analysis.

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Synthesis of covalently bonded reduced graphene oxide-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

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