S-scheme ZnO/WO3 heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient H2O2 production

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.01.029

Abstract

Abstract:

Designing highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production is an ideal strategy to avoid the shortcomings of traditional H₂O₂ production and to realize the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy. In this work, a step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst composed of ZnO and WO₃ is carefully prepared by hydrothermal and calcination method for efficient photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. The ZW30 composite photocatalysts exhibit enhanced activity with the highest H₂O₂-production rate of 6788 μmol L^-1 h^-1. The results show that the photocatalytic H₂O₂ production process is dominated by a direct two-electron O₂ reduction pathway. The enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂-production activity is attributed to the formation of interfacial internal electric field (IEF) in the S-scheme heterojunction, which boosts the spatial separation of charge carriers and enables electrons with the strongest reduction power to participate in H₂O₂ production. This work provides an in-depth insight of the great advantages of S-scheme heterojunction in photocatalytic H₂O₂ production.

Key words: Photocatalysis, Hydrogen peroxide, Step-scheme heterojunction, O₂ reduction, Zinc oxide

Zicong Jiang, Bei Cheng, Yong Zhang, S. Wageh, Ahmed A. Al‐Ghamdi, Jiaguo Yu, Linxi Wang. S-scheme ZnO/WO₃ heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient H₂O₂ production[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 124: 193-201.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of WO3, ZnO, and a series of ZnO/WO3 composites.

Fig. 2. (a, b) FESEM, (c) HRTEM, and (d) TEM images of ZW30; (e-h) HAADF and EDX mapping images of W, Zn, and O elements in ZW30; (i) EDX spectrum of ZW30.

Fig. 3. (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (b) pore-size distribution curves of ZnO and a series of ZnO/WO3 composites.

Fig. 4. (a) Photocatalytic H2O2 production and (b) photoinduced H2O2 decomposition over different samples after 1 h irradiation. (c) First-order kinetic plot of H2O2 decomposition. (d) Fitted Kf and Kd values for photocatalytic H2O2 production over different samples.

Fig. 5. (a) Photocatalytic H2O2 production and calculated apparent quantum yield under 365 nm monochromatic irradiation over ZnO and ZW30. (b) The cyclic stability test of H2O2 production over ZW30.

Fig. 6. (a) LSV curve of ZW30 in 0.1 M O2-saturated phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7) at different rotating speeds; (b) KL plots of ZnO and ZW30 at -0.8 V vs. NHE.

Fig. 7. High resolution XPS spectra of (a) W 4f and (b) Zn 2p of samples. The “uv” indicates irradiated conditions.

Fig. 8. (a) Tauc plot and (b) Mott-Schottky plots of ZnO and WO3; (c) The CPD values and (d) work function of ZnO, WO3 and ZW30.

Fig. 9. Photocatalytic H2O2 production mechanism of S-scheme ZnO/WO3 heterojunction photocatalyst.

Fig. 10. EPR spectra of ·O2- and ·OH radicals generated over ZnO, WO3 and ZW30.

Fig. 11. (a) PL spectra, (b) TRPL spectra, (c) transient photocurrent response, and (d) EIS spectra of ZnO, WO3, and ZW30.

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S-scheme ZnO/WO₃ heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient H₂O₂ production

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