Enhancing strength and ductility of AlSi10Mg fabricated by selective laser melting by TiB2 nanoparticles

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.08.030

Abstract

Abstract:

In the metallic components fabricated by the emerging selective laser melting (SLM) technology, most strategies used for strengthening the materials sacrifice the ductility, leading to the so-called strength-ductility trade-off. In the present study, we report that the strength and ductility of materials can be enhanced simultaneously by introducing nanoparticles, which can break the trade-off of the metallic materials. In the case of in-situ nano-TiB₂ decorated AlSi10Mg composites, the introduced nanoparticles lead to columnar-to-equiaxed transition, grain refinement and texture elimination. With increasing content of nanoparticles, the strength increases continually. Significantly, the ductility first increases and then decreases. Our results show that the ductility is controlled by the competition between the crack-induced catastrophic fracture and ductile fracture associated with dislocation activities. The first increase of ductility is mainly attributed to the suppression of crack-induced catastrophic fracture when TiB₂ nanoparticles present. With the further increase of TiB₂ nanoparticles, the subsequent decrease of ductility is mainly controlled by dislocation activities. Thus, the materials will exhibit the optimum strength and ductility combination in a certain range of TiB₂ nanoparticles. This study clarifies the physical mechanism controlling ductility for nano-TiB₂ decorated AlSi10Mg composites, which provides the insights for the design of structural materials.

Key words: Selective laser melting, Aluminium matrix composites, Ductility, Mechanical behavior, Dislocations, Cracks

Y.K. Xiao, H. Chen, Z.Y. Bian, T.T. Sun, H. Ding, Q. Yang, Y. Wu, Q. Lian, Z. Chen, H.W. Wang. Enhancing strength and ductility of AlSi10Mg fabricated by selective laser melting by TiB₂ nanoparticles[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 109: 254-266.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1. Typical SEM images of the morphology of (a) AlSi10Mg alloy powders, (b-d) 2% TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders; (e) particle size distribution and (f) sphericity distribution of 2% TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders. Yellow arrows in (c, d) point to the TiB2 particles on the surface of the powder.

Table 1. Chemical compositions of AlSi10Mg alloy and x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders.

Powders	Chemical composition (wt.%)
Powders	Si	Mg	Cu	Fe	Ti	B	Al
AlSi10Mg alloy	9.80	0.316	0.027	0.091	-	-	Bal.
0.5% TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	9.82	0.317	0.014	0.071	0.347	0.158	Bal.
2% TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	9.93	0.319	0.024	0.079	1.287	0.588	Bal.
5% TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	9.81	0.314	0.025	0.065	3.455	1.727	Bal.
8% TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	9.98	0.312	0.032	0.083	5.445	2.702	Bal.

Fig. 2. Hierarchical microstructures observed from the side view of SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy: (a) EBSD inverse pole figure (IPF) map; (b, c) local magnification and corresponding grain boundaries maps (HAGBs, black lines; LAGBs, red lines) of the white rectangle area in (a); (d) SEM image of same area in (a); (e) local magnification SEM image of white rectangle area in (d) (same area of (b)); (f) local magnification SEM image of white rectangle area in (e). The white dash line in (b) denotes the melting pool. Black arrows in (d, e) point to holes.

Fig. 3. The microstructures observed from the side view of SLMed x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites: (a-c) 0.5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, where (b) and (c) are local magnifications and corresponding grain boundaries maps of the white rectangle area in (a); (d-f) 2% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, where (e) and (f) are local magnification and corresponding grain boundaries maps of the white rectangle area in (d); (g) 5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (h) 8% TiB2/AlSi10Mg; (i) the variation of average grain diameter with different TiB2 particle contents, and the inset is the corresponding grain aspect ratio evolution. The superposed blue colored pixels in (c, f) refer to TiB2 particles.

Fig. 4. SEM images of SLMed x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites from the side view: (a) 0.5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (b) over etched 2% TiB2/AlSi10Mg; TEM results of SLMed 5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite: (c) BF image, and the inset is the corresponding EDX map of Si element; (d) BF image in high magnification, and the inset is the corresponding SAED image; Yellow arrows in (b, d) point to nano-TiB2 particles.

Fig. 5. Diffraction peaks of SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites in vertical cross-section.

Fig. 6. The {100} pole figures of AlSi10Mg and x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites: (a) AlSi10Mg, (b) 0.5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (c) 2% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (d) 5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (e) 8% TiB2/AlSi10Mg.

Table 2. Mechanical properties of the SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites.

Sample	YS (MPa)	UTS (MPa)	UE (%)	Microhardness (HV₁₀)
AlSi10Mg alloy	270.1 ± 4.3	430.7 ± 1.6	4.7 ± 0.4	125.9 ± 1.4
0.5%TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	317.6 ± 2.1	484.1 ± 3.3	9.5 ± 0.3	140.5 ± 1.3
2%TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	320.1 ± 3.2	500.7 ± 3.5	12.7 ± 0.2	147.1 ± 1.5
5%TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	323.7 ± 1.9	522.9 ± 3.6	8.7 ± 0.5	151.1 ± 2.1
8%TiB₂/AlSi10Mg	340.8 ± 1.7	544.4 ± 2.6	6.2 ± 0.2	161.5 ± 2.5

Fig. 7. (a) The tensile stress-strain curves of the SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites; (b) comparison of the tensile properties in the present study with other SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and composites reported in the literatures [[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28],[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48]].

Fig. 8. Schematic diagrams illustrating the formation of grains during the solidification in melting pool of (a) AlSi10Mg alloy and (b) TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites; (c) The schematic diagram illustrating the interatomic spacing misfit and the interplanar spacing mismatch between TiB2 and Al.

Fig. 9. Quantitative characterization on dislocation density for SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites (2% and 5%) by synchrotron radiation XRD. (a) The diffraction peaks of the samples, (b) normalized peaks for the samples, (c) dislocation densities for three samples.

Fig. 10. The variation of work hardening rate versus strain of SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and x%TiB2/AlSi10Mg composites.

Fig. 11. The variations of work hardening rate and true stress versus strain of SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and composites: (a) AlSi10Mg, (b) 0.5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (c) 2% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (d) 5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg.

Fig. 12. Fracture surface of SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy and composites: (a) AlSi10Mg, (b) 0.5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (c) 2% TiB2/AlSi10Mg, (d) 5% TiB2/AlSi10Mg; (a1-d1) and (a2-d2) are the magnified images of the fracture surface.

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Enhancing strength and ductility of AlSi10Mg fabricated by selective laser melting by TiB₂ nanoparticles

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