Core-shell structured MoS2@S spherical cathode with improved electrochemical performance for lithium-sulfur batteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.03.018

Abstract

Abstract:

To suppress shuttling effect and improve electrochemical performance of the sulfur cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries, core-shell structured MoS₂@S spherical cathode has been synthesized through a chemical route using MnCO₃ as template. The MoS₂ shells consist of MoS₂ nanosheets. For comparison, MoS₂/S cathode has also been synthesized through melting and diffusion of sulfur to commercial MoS₂ powders. The electrochemical performance of the MoS₂@S and MoS₂/S cathodes have been evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, discharge/charge cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy coupled with impedance fitting. The electrochemical performance of the MoS₂@S spherical cathode has been much improved compared with that of MoS₂/S. The capacity of the MoS₂@S spheres can reach 1185.7 mA h g^-1 at 0.2 C and 955.1 mA h g^-1 at 1 C with initial-cycle coulombic efficiency of 90%. The capacity fading of each cycle is 0.1% during 200 lithiation/delithiation cycles. The MoS₂@S spherical cathode with high cyclic capacity and stability is promising cathode candidate for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Key words: Core-shell particle, Electrochemical property, Electrode, MoS₂, Sulfur

Songpu Cheng, Xiaohong Xia, Hongbo Liu, Yuxi Chen. Core-shell structured MoS₂@S spherical cathode with improved electrochemical performance for lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(10): 1912-1918.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. Schematic of synthesis route of the core-shell structured MoS2@S spherical cathode.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of the MoS2 shells, MoS2/S and MoS2@S cathodes. The standard reflection lines of sulfur are exhibited in the bottom.

Fig. 3. SEM images of (a) the spherical MnCO3 templates, inset in top right corner is a SEM image with high magnefication, (b) the core-shell structured MoS2@MnS, (c) the MoS2 shells, inset in top right corner is an SEM image showing shell structure, and (d) the core-shell structured MoS2@S spheres.

Fig. 4. (a) TEM image, (b) HAADF image, (c) S and (d) Mo element mapping of the MoS2 shells.

Fig. 5. SEM images of the commercial MoS2 powders (a) and the MoS2/S cathode (b).

Fig. 6. Initial three CV curves of (a) MoS2/S and (b) MoS2@S with scanning rate of 25 μV s-1 and voltage range of 1.7-2.7 V.

Fig. 7. Voltage profiles of the tenth cycle of (a) MoS2/S and (b) MoS2@S at different current density, the black dashed lines indicate voltage gaps at 400 mA h g-1, (c) rate capability of MoS2/S and MoS2@S, (d) cyclic performance and coulombic efficiencies of MoS2/S and MoS2@S at 1C and voltage range of 1.7-2.7 V.

Fig. 8. (a) Nyquist plots of MoS2@S after different cycles. Inset is the equivalent circuit proposed to fit the Nyquist plots. The solid curves represent fitting data. (b) Plot of Rct as a function of cycle number.

Fig. 9. SEM images of (a) MoS2@S and (b) MoS2/S after 200 lithiation/delithiation cycles.

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Core-shell structured MoS₂@S spherical cathode with improved electrochemical performance for lithium-sulfur batteries

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