Mesoporous silica as micro/nano-carrier: From passive to active cargo delivery, a mini review

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Mesoporous silica has been widely explored for biomedical applications due to its unique structure and good biocompatibility. In particular it exhibits superior properties as micro/nano-carriers in the biomedical field. We explore their potentials in controlled drug/gene co-delivery and photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment both in vitro and in vivo. By incorporating mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) with two-dimensional nanomaterial, graphene oxide nano-sheet, we utilize MSNP in cellular bio-imaging with squaraine dye. Meanwhile, through delicate combination between mesoporous silica micro/nano carriers with catalytic/bio-catalytic reactions, we manage to achieve self-propelled micro/nano-motors based on mesoporous silica that are capable of transporting cargos in an active manner. Especially, enzyme powered mesoporous silica motors can be powered by physiologically available fuels such as glucose and urea, which are advantageous for future biomedical use. Motion control on both velocity and movement direction provides a powerful tool for targeted drug delivery. Therefore, such mesoporous silica based active carriers pave way to the solution of targeted drug delivery for cancer treatment in future nano-medicine field.

Key words: Mesoporous silica, Micro/nano-carrier, Drug delivery, Self-propulsion, Active carrier

Ma Xing, Feng Huanhuan, Liang Chunyan, Liu Xiaojia, Zeng Fanyu, Wang Yong. Mesoporous silica as micro/nano-carrier: From passive to active cargo delivery, a mini review[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(10): 1067-1074.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. (A) Schematic illustration of thermal and redox dual responsive drug/gene delivery system by MSNP; (B) Schematic illustration of targeted drug/siRNA co-delivery by pH-responsive HMSNP; (C) TEM images of MSNP at low magnification; (D) TEM images of MSNP at high magnification; (E) TEM images of HMSNPs at low magnification. Reprinted with permission from ref. [24] (A, C and D) Copyright The Royal Society of Chemistry, ref. [25] (B, E) Copyright 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Fig. 2. Confocal microscopy images of HeLa (FA + ) after treated with 10 mg/mL of HMSNP (FITC) + Dox + PEI-FA + siRNA (Bcl-2) for 24 h, (A) and (B) represent the FITC and Dox channel respectively, and (C) represent the merged image of (A) and (B) and bright field. (D) Relative Bcl-2 protein (Bcl-2) expression in two different cell lines (HeLa: right bars and MCF-7 cells: left bars). (E) Cell viability of HeLa cells after treated by siRNA(scrambled) loaded HMSNP (1), Dox loaded HMSNP (2), and Dox and SiRNA(Bcl-2) both loaded HMSMP (3), respectively. Reprinted with permission from ref. [25] (A-E) Copyright 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Fig. 3. (A) Schematic illustration of sqaraine loaded/GO wrapped MSNP for intracellular bio-imaging; (B) Schematic illustration of ZnPc loaded in spacer interlaced nano-channels of MSNP for PDT. Reprinted with permission from ref. [32] (A) Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society and ref. [33] (B) Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 4. (A) Schematic illustration of Janus mesoporous silica nanomotors’ fabrication and process of active cargo delivery, and (B) TEM images of JMSNM(90 nm)-Pt(2 nm); (C) Schematic illustration of Janus mesoporous silica cluster motors’ fabrication and cargo loading, and (D) SEM image of a JMSC coated with Ni (10 nm). Reprinted with permission from ref. [43] (A-B) Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society and ref. [46] (C-D) Copyright 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Fig. 5. (A) Schematic illustration and the enhancement of diffusion coefficient of (a) urease and (b) glucose powered hollow mesoporous silica nano-motors; (B) Schematic illustration of (a) the fabrication of urease conjugated silica tubular (SNT-urease) nano-jets, (b) typical SEM image of the SNTs, and (c) fuel-dependent average velocity of SNT-urease with an average length of 10 μm; (C) velocity control of urease powered biocompatible microcapsule motors by chemically manipulating the enzymatic activity. Reprinted with permission from ref. [48] (A) Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society, ref. [51] (B) and ref. [52] (C) Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.

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