Polymer nanocomposites with concurrently enhanced dielectric constant and breakdown strength at high temperature enabled by rationally designed core-shell structured nanofillers

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.05.046

Abstract

Abstract: Polymer dielectrics are required to maintain high energy density at elevated temperatures for advanced power and electronic systems. Herein, we report a novel solution-processed core-shell structured polyimide (PI) nanocomposite with moderate dielectric constant HfO₂ core and wide-bandgap Al₂O₃ shell, effectively addressing the typical trade-off between dielectric constant and breakdown strength in dielectric nanocomposites predominant at elevated temperatures. The formation of improved dielectrically matching interfaces by the rationally designed dielectric constant gradient from core-shell-matrix remarkably mitigates the distortion of the electric field around the interfaces, resulting in a high breakdown strength. Wide band gap Al₂O₃ shell also introduces deeper traps to impede the conduction loss. The validity of Al₂O₃ shell has been proved via experiments and simulations. Accordingly, HfO₂@Al₂O₃/ PI nanocomposite exhibits an excellent charge-discharge efficiency of 91.7 % at 300 MV/m and a maximum discharged energy density of 2.94 J/cm³ at 150 °C, demonstrating its potential for high-temperature energy storage.

Key words: Polymer dielectrics, High temperature, Energy storage, Core-shell structure

Ding Ai, Chenglong Wu, Yuting Han, Yuan Chang, Zongliang Xie, Hao Yu, Yanhao Ma, Yonghong Cheng, Guanglei Wu. Polymer nanocomposites with concurrently enhanced dielectric constant and breakdown strength at high temperature enabled by rationally designed core-shell structured nanofillers[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 210: 170-178.

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