Construction of S-scheme cyano-modified g-C3N4/TiO2 film with boosted charge transfer and highly hydrophilic surface for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.039

Abstract

Abstract: Developing highly efficient and recyclable photocatalysts has been regarded as an attractive strategy to solve antibiotic contaminants. Herein, we designed and fabricated Cy-C₃N₄/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction film with boosted charge transfer and a highly hydrophilic surface. The as-prepared heterojunction exhibited outstanding removal efficiency on tetracyclines and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (more than 80 % within 90 min). The removal rate of 300-Cy-C₃N₄/TiO₂ on norfloxacin (NOR) was 2.12, and 1.59 times higher than that of pristine TiO₂, C₃N₄/TiO₂, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic performance of 300-Cy-C₃N₄/TiO₂ was attributed to the highly hydrophilic surface and effective transfer and separation of carriers. Moreover, the NOR degradation pathways were proposed based on the results of density functional theory (DFT), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The toxicity assessment indicated the toxicity of intermediates can be remarkably alleviated. The DFT calculation and selective photo-deposition experiment demonstrated that an internal electric field was formed at the heterojunction interface, and the charge carriers migrated between Cy-C₃N₄ and TiO₂ following an S-scheme transfer pathway. This research not only provides a promising method for tracking charge distribution on thin-film heterojunction photocatalysts but also helps us to design high-efficiency, and recyclable heterojunctions to solve antibiotic contaminants.

Key words: Cyano group, Carbon nitride, Norfloxacin, DFT calculation, S-scheme heterojunction

Wei Gan, Ruixin Chen, Li Zhang, Jun Guo, Miao Zhang, Yuqing Lu, Zhaoqi Sun, Xucheng Fu. Construction of S-scheme cyano-modified g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ film with boosted charge transfer and highly hydrophilic surface for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 206: 74-87.

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Construction of S-scheme cyano-modified g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ film with boosted charge transfer and highly hydrophilic surface for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin

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