Research Article Facile synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles for efficient self-powered broadband photodetector application

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.03.019

Abstract

Abstract:

Bismuth, an emerging topological insulator, has attracted great interest due to its fascinating properties. Herein, a facile, environmentally friendly, and low-cost solvothermal route was proposed to synthesize high-quality single-crystal bismuth nanoparticles. The performance of bismuth nanoparticles photoelectrochemical-type photodetector has been systematically evaluated. The responsivity spectrum shows that the bismuth nanoparticles photodetector has a broad response range from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR), with the highest responsivity of 4.979 mA/W at a wavelength of 405 nm without bias. Additionally, the device exhibits a fast response speed (t_r < 12 ms, t_d < 46 ms) and a high specific detectivity (3.71 × 10¹⁰ Jones). These results indicate that bismuth nanoparticles have great potential in the application of self-powered broadband photodetectors with high responsivity. Moreover, the working mechanism of bismuth nanoparticles photodetector was proposed.

Key words: Bismuth nanoparticles, Photoelectrochemical, Self-powered, Broadband photodetector

Song Yang, Shujie Jiao, Yiyin Nie, Tanjun Jiang, Hongliang Lu, Shuo Liu, Yue Zhao, Shiyong Gao, Dongbo Wang, Jinzhong Wang, Yongfeng Li. Research Article Facile synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles for efficient self-powered broadband photodetector application[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 126: 161-168.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. (a) Experimental and calculated XRD patterns of bismuth, (b) schematic diagram of the hexagonal crystal structure of bismuth, (c) high-magnification SEM image of bismuth nanoparticles, (d) EDS spectrum of bismuth nanoparticles.

Fig. 2. (a) Typical TEM image, (b) HRTEM and SAED images of a bismuth nanoparticle.

Fig. 3. (a) Room-temperature Raman spectrum of bismuth nanoparticles, (b) UV-Vis absorption spectrum of bismuth nanoparticles in ethanol. (c) and (d) Band structure of bismuth nanoparticles based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic diagram of the PEC-type self-powered broadband photodetector based on bismuth nanoparticles, (b) current-voltage curves of bismuth photodetector in the dark and various light sources with an incident power of 10 mW/cm2, (c) responsivity spectrum of bismuth photodetector in the wavelength range of 200-1100 nm at zero bias, (d) photoresponse curves of the bismuth photodetector under light illumination with a wavelength of 470 nm and an incident power of 5-30 mW/cm2, (e) incident power-dependent specific detectivity and net photocurrent of the bismuth photodetector under light illumination with a wavelength of 470 nm and an incident power of 5-30 mW/cm2, (f) amplified response time spectrum of the bismuth photodetector under light illumination with a wavelength of 470 nm.

Fig. 5. (a) Photoresponse curves of bismuth photodetector under the illumination of various light sources with an incident power of 10 mW/cm2, (b) current and on/off ratio of the bismuth photodetector under the illumination of various light sources with an incident power of 10 mW/cm2. (c) Stability measurement of photodetectors based on fresh bismuth nanoparticles and bismuth nanoparticles stored in the air atmosphere for two months under the light illumination with a wavelength of 470 nm and an incident power of 10 mW/cm2, respectively, (d) partially magnified image of the stability measurement for photodetectors based on fresh bismuth nanoparticles and bismuth nanoparticles stored in the air atmosphere for two months.

Table 1. Comparison of main parameters of current photodetectors based on element bismuth.

Materials	Methods	Device	Light source /Spectral range (nm)	Responsivity (mA/W)	Rise/decay time (ms)	Refs.
Bismuth NPs	Solvothermal	PEC	365-850	4.979 (0 V)	< 12/< 46	This work
Bismuth films	PLD	MSM	370-1550 nm	250 (2 V)	900/1900	[22]
Bismuth NS	Liquid-phase exfoliation	PEC	optical-fiber source	0.0018 (0.5 V)	900/380	[23]
Bismuth QDs	Liquid-phase exfoliation	PEC	350-400	0.0193 (0 V)	100/200	[24]
Bismuth NS	Liquid-phase exfoliation	PEC	xenon arc lamp	0.0005 (0 V)	3300/1800	[25]
Bismuth films	Vapor deposition	MSM	405-1064	4.776 (0 V)	30/14	[26]

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the potential working mechanism of the self-powered bismuth nanoparticles photodetector.

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