Noble metal-free core-shell CdS/iron phthalocyanine Z-scheme photocatalyst for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.10.037

Abstract

Abstract:

Improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and broadening the light absorption range of the photocatalyst are two important factors for improving the performance of the photocatalyst. In this paper, a new and efficient Z-scheme CdS/iron phthalocyanine (CdS/FePc) core-shell nanostructure composite material is prepared by a simple solid-phase reaction method. There are two key points in the preparation of composite materials: one is that hydrogen bonding energy is closely connected with FePc, another is that FePc can be uniformly assembled on CdS nanoparticles. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) of the CdS/FePc nanocomposite (73.01 μmol/h) is 2.6 times higher than that of pure CdS (26.67 μmol/h). In addition, after 4 photocatalytic cycles, the PHE of the CdS/FePc composite is still 92.3% of the first cycle. There are three reasons for this situation: (1) The Z-scheme heterojunction is formed to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers; (2) FePc expands the visible light absorption range of CdS; (3) The large core-shell contact area is favorable for the separation of photo-induced carriers at the interfaces. This research is conducive to the further development of new photocatalytic materials with high efficiency, low cost and simple preparation.

Key words: CdS/FePc, Core-shell nanostructure, Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Z-scheme heterojunction

Weijie Zhang, Xizhong Zhou, Jinzhao Huang, Shouwei Zhang, Xijin Xu. Noble metal-free core-shell CdS/iron phthalocyanine Z-scheme photocatalyst for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 115: 199-207.

Figures/Tables 9

Scheme 1. Synthesis processes of CdS/FePc nanocomposite.

Fig. 1. Typical (A, B) XRD and (C, D) FTIR spectra of CdS, FePc, X-CF-Y.

Fig. 2. (A-D) TEM and HRTEM images of 300-CF-40; (E) HRTEM image of 300-CF-40 heterostructure; (F) SAED pattern of the 300-CF-40; (G) HAADF-TEM image and (H-M) EDX element mappings of the 300-CF-40.

Fig. 3. (A) XPS survey spectra and high-resolution (B) Fe 2p, (C) S 2p, (D) Cd 3d XPS spectra of CdS, FePc and 300-CF-40.

Fig. 4. (A) UV-vis DRS spectra of CdS, FePc and X-CF-Y; (B, C) The calculated energy band gaps of CdS and FePc by applying to the Kubelka-Munk method; (D, E) M-S plots of CN and FePc; (F) Band energy diagram of CdS and FePc.

Fig. 5. (A, B) The hydrogen production and (C, D) hydrogen production rates of the different photocatalysts; (E) Wavelength dependent H2 evolution rate and UV-vis DRS spectra of 300-CF-40; (F) Cycling test of 300-CF-40 and CdS.

Fig. 6. (A) Transient photocurrent density of CdS and 300-CF-Y; (B) Electrochemical impedance spectra of CdS, FePc and 300-CF-40.

Fig. 7. DMPO spin-trapping ESR spectra recorded for (A) •O2- and (B) •OH under visible light for CdS, FePc and 300-CF-40.

Fig. 8. Schematic of Z-scheme-based photogenerated charge transfer and separation on CdS/FePc heterojunction.

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