High plasticity mechanism of high strain rate rolled Mg-Ga alloy sheets

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.064

Abstract

Abstract:

By observing the microstructure evolution of Mg-Ga alloy during tensile deformation, it is found that the prismatic <a> slip and the pyramidal <c+a> slip occur during the tensile process at room temperature, which finally leads to the plenty of dislocation accumulation. After 8% tensile deformation, the{101¯2}extension twin is the main way to coordinate the strain in the c-axis direction for the alloy with the Ga content lower than 2 wt.%, but the pyramidal <c+a> slip is the main way to coordinate the strain along the c-axis direction for the alloy with the Ga content higher than 2 wt.%. The Ga addition can promote the activation of the non-basal slip, which is beneficial to the work-hardening of the alloy to achieve better plasticity. Dynamic precipitation can slightly reduce the increment of dislocations. The preparation method of high strain rate rolling (HSRR) is another important reason for the plasticity of magnesium alloy sheets, and it is an important embodiment of the application of the dislocation engineering concept in magnesium alloy. The non-basal dislocations derived from the HSRR deformation can provide the non-basal dislocation sources when magnesium alloy is deformed at room temperature, resulting in good ductility. This study can be used as a reference for preparing wrought magnesium alloy with high strength and high plasticity by Ga alloying and hot deformation.

Key words: High plasticity, High strain rate rolling, Mg-Ga, Dislocation engineering

Wensen Huang, Jihua Chen, Hongge Yan, Weijun Xia, Bin Su. High plasticity mechanism of high strain rate rolled Mg-Ga alloy sheets[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 101: 187-198.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1. Inverse pole figure (IPF) maps (a-d), grain boundary maps (e, f) and grain size distribution histograms (i-l) of as-HSRRed Mg-Ga alloys: (a, e, i) Alloy A, (b, f, j) Alloy B, (c, g, k) Alloy C, (d, h, l) Alloy D.

Fig. 2. TEM images of Alloy B: (a) DRX grain in Alloy B with [$11\bar{2}0$] observation direction, (b) dark-field TEM images using $g=01\bar{1}0$ reflection, (c) enlarged view of DRX grain and (d) enlarged view of DRX grain under dark-field.

Fig. 3. TEM images of Alloy D: (a) DRX grain in Alloy D with [$11\bar{2}0$] observation direction, (b) dislocation and precipitates with [0001] observation direction, (c) STEM image of precipitates with [$11\bar{2}0$] observation direction, (d) STEM image of precipitates with [$10\bar{1}0$] observation direction.

Fig. 4. The true stress-strain curves (a) and the strain-hardening rate θ vs. net flow stress (σ-σ0.2) curves (b) of as-HSRRed Mg-Ga alloys.

Fig. 5. EBSD grain boundary maps of as-HSRRed Mg-Ga alloys after tensile deformation: (a) Alloy A, (b) Alloy B, (c) Alloy C and (d) Alloy D.

Fig. 6. The grain orientation distribution histograms of as-HSRRed Mg-Ga alloys: (a-d) non-deformation, (e-h) after 8% tensile deformation: (a, e) Alloy A, (b, f) Alloy B, (c, g) Alloy C, (d, h) Alloy D. (i) The comparison of the proportion of twins after 8% tensile deformation and (j) schematic diagram of strain coordination along the c-axis direction of HCP structure.

Fig. 7. EBSD inverse pole figure (IPF) maps of as-HSRRed Mg-Ga alloy after tensile deformation: (a) Alloy A, (b) Alloy B, (c) Alloy C, (d) Alloy D and (e) the Legend.

Fig. 8. The {0002}{$11\bar{2}0$}{$10\bar{1}0$} pole figures of as-HSRRed alloys after (a, b) non-deformation and (c, d) 8% tensile deformation for (a, c) Alloy A and (b, d) Alloy D. (e) Relationship between the change of grain orientation and the basal texture strength variation and (f) schematic diagram of grain rotation during tensile deformation ((a) and (b) come from our previous research work [34]).

Fig. 9. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) maps of Mg-Ga alloys for (a, e) Alloy A, (b, f) Alloy B, (c, g) Alloy C and (d, f) Alloy D under conditions of (a-d) non-deformed and (e, f) after 8% tensile deformation.

Fig. 10. Local misorientation histograms of Mg-Ga alloys for (a, e) Alloy A, (b, f) Alloy B, (c, g) Alloy C and (d, f) Alloy D under different conditions of (a-d) non-deformed and (e, f) after 8% tensile deformation.

Table 1 Increment changes of dislocation density.

Alloys	Dislocation density (m^-2)		Variation (%)
Alloys	Non-deformation	8% deformation	Variation (%)
Alloy A	1.135 × 10¹⁴	2.4321 × 10¹⁴	114
Alloy B	0.9988 × 10¹⁴	2.1417 × 10¹⁴	114
Alloy C	0.9534 × 10¹⁴	2.9403 × 10¹⁴	208
Alloy D	0.9534 × 10¹⁴	2.2506 × 10¹⁴	136

Fig. 11. Schmid factor (SF) distribution maps of Mg-Ga alloys for (a, b) Alloy A, (c, d) Alloy B, (e, f) Alloy C and (g, h) Alloy D under conditions of (a, c, e, g) non-deformed and (b, d, f, h) after 8% tensile deformation.

Table 2 Average Schmid factors calculated from the inverse pole figures of Mg-Ga alloy samples at different tensile stages along RD.

Alloys	Slip systems	Average Schmid factors		Variation (%)
Alloys	Slip systems	Non-deformation	8% deformation	Variation (%)
Alloy A	Basal <a> (0001) [$11\bar{2}0$]	0.235	0.153	-34.9
	Prismatic <a> ($10bar{1}0$) [$1\bar{2}\bar{1}0$]	0.429	0.451	+5.1
	Pyramidal <c+a> ($11\bar{2}2$) [$\bar{1}\bar{1}23$]	0.424	0.432	+1.9
Alloy B	Basal <a> (0001) [$11\bar{2}0$]	0.239	0.155	-35.1
	Prismatic <a> ($10bar{1}0$) [$1\bar{2}\bar{1}0$]	0.427	0.444	+4.0
	Pyramidal <c+a> ($11\bar{2}2$) [$\bar{1}\bar{1}23$]	0.423	0.425	+0.5
Alloy C	Basal <a> (0001) [$11\bar{2}0$]	0.253	0.167	-34.0
	Prismatic <a> ($10\bar{1}0$) [$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$]	0.419	0.448	+6.9
	Pyramidal <c+a> ($11\bar{2}2$) [$\bar{1}\bar{1}23$]	0.411	0.428	+4.1
Alloy D	Basal <a> (0001) [$11\bar{2}0$]	0.235	0.156	-33.6
	Prismatic <a> ($10\bar{1}0$) [$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$]	0.426	0.447	+4.9
	Pyramidal <c+a> ($11\bar{2}2$) [$\bar{1}\bar{1}23$]	0.414	0.425	+2.7

Table 3 Comparison of room temperature mechanical properties of high strain rate rolled magnesium alloy sheets with other wrought magnesium alloys.

Alloys	Processing methods	UTS (MPa)	YS (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Refs.
ZK60	HSRR	371	287	26	[35]
ZK60	Rolling + USRP	359	283	14.8	[50]
ZK60	Rolling with 300°C	477	425	4.1	[51]
ZK60	12P ECAP at 300°C	360	200	25	[52]
ZK60	12P ECAP at 300°C + cold rolling	400	396	9	[52]
ZK60	Asymmetric Reduction Rolling	264	200	27	[53]
Mg-5.0Zn-1.0Mn	HSRR	359	258	20.1	[54]
Mg-5.0Zn-1.0Mn	Extruded	299.88	229.9	11.5	[55]
Mg-4.0Zn-1.0Mn	Extruded	299	239	11.6	[56]
Mg-4.8Zn-1.0Mn	Extruded	312	235	13.3
Mg-5.8Zn-1.0Mn	Extruded	305	209	11.6
ZM61	HSRR	369	280	15	[57]
ZM61	HSRR	402	298	15	[57]
ZM61	TRC + rolled + T6	310	256	16.2	[58]
Mg-5.0Zn-0.6Ca	HSRR	307	209	31	[59]
Mg-5.0Zn-0.6Sr	HSRR	312	240	22	[59]
Mg-5.3Zn-0.2Ca-0.5Ce	Extruded	320	268	14.7	[60]
Mg-5.5Zn-0.6Zr-0.8Gd	HSRR	327	242	22.0	[61]
AZ31	HSRR	317	224	26	[24]
AZ31	Conventional rolling	262	222	17	[24]
AZ31	Extruded	-	270	21	[25]
AZ31	Different speed rolling	300	258	7.9	[26]
AZ31	Different speed rolling	311	277	14.6	[26]
AZ31	Two - stage rolling	307	220	15.5	[62]
AZ31	Multi-directional forging	287	197	26.2	[63]

Fig. 12. The schematic diagram of microstructure evolution during high strain rate rolling.

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