Femtosecond laser induced simultaneous functional nanomaterial synthesis, in situ deposition and hierarchical LIPSS nanostructuring for tunable antireflectance and iridescence applications

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.02.024

Abstract

Abstract:

Femtosecond laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) are excellent biomimetic iridescent antireflective interfaces. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility to develop tunable iridescent antireflective surfaces via simultaneous synthesis of functional metal-oxide nanomaterials, in situ deposition and hierarchical LIPSSs nanostructuring by means of femtosecond laser ablation (fs-LA) of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) in air. Adjusting the scanning interval from 1 μm to 20 μm allows the modulation of particle deposition rates on LIPSSs. Diminishing the scan interval enables a higher particle deposition rate, which facilitates the development of better UV-to-MIR ultrabroadband antireflective surfaces with a less pronounced iridescence. Through comparing the reflectance of hierarchical LIPSSs with different densities of loosely/tightly deposited particles, it is found that the deposited WO_x and MoO_x particle aggregates have high UV-to-MIR ultrabroadband absorbance, especially extraordinary in the MIR range. Loosely deposited particles which self-assembly into macroporous structures outperform tightly deposited particles for ultrabroadband antireflective applications. The presence of loosely deposited MoO_x and WO_x particle absorbers can cause up to 80 % and 60 % enhancement of antireflectance performances as compared to the tightly particle deposited LIPSSs samples. One stone of “fs-LA technique” with three birds of (particle generation, in situ deposition and LIPSS hierarchical nanostructuring) presented in this work opens up new opportunities to tune the reflectance and iridescence of metallic surfaces.

Key words: Broadband antireflectance, Hierarchical nanostructures, LIPSS, UV-VIS-NIR-MIR, Iridescence

Ruijie Liu, Dongshi Zhang, Zhuguo Li. Femtosecond laser induced simultaneous functional nanomaterial synthesis, in situ deposition and hierarchical LIPSS nanostructuring for tunable antireflectance and iridescence applications[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 89: 179-185.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of fs-LA induced simultaneous nanoparticle production, in situ deposition and hierarchical LIPSSs nanostructuring to develop biomimetic interfaces with tunable UV-to-MIR ultrabroadband antireflectance and iridescence. Under the fixed fs-LA ablation condition (pulse duration: 400 fs, wavelength: 1030 nm, repetition rate: 400 kHz, laser power: 5 W, scanning speed: 200 mm/s), changing the scan interval allows the obtainment of hierarchical LIPSSs with low-, medium- and high-density of loosely deposited nanoparticles. After ultrasonic bath cleaning, hierarchical LIPSSs with low-, medium- and high-density of tightly deposited nanoparticles are obtained.

Fig. 2. SEM images of as-prepared hierarchical W-LIPSSs decorated by loosely deposited particles. These samples were obtained by fs-LA of W in air at the scanning intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μm, respectively. Inset images are higher magnifications of the structures. SEM images shown in (a-f) and their inset images have the same scale bars of 2 and 1 μm, respectively.

Fig. 3. (a-f) Top view, cross-sectional and 3D AFM morphologies of hierarchical LIPSSs composed of tightly deposited particles obtained after the ultrasonic cleaning of samples obtained by fs-LA of W at scanning intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μm, respectively. The cross-sections correspond to 2D structures marked by green lines.

Fig. 4. (a, b) UV-to-NIR and (d, e) NIR-to-MIR reflectance of hierarchical LIPSSs nanostructures consisting of loosely and tightly deposited particles prepared by fs-LA of W at the scanning intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μm, respectively. (g, h) Schematic illustrations of the functions of a MOx metal-oxide particle and different densities of deposited MOx particles, respectively. Green and red arrow-lines indicate the incident light at different wavelengths.

Fig. 5. (a) Raman spectra of the hierarchical W-LIPSSs nanostructures with loosely deposited particles obtained by fs-LA at scanning intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μm, respectively. (b-d, e, f) TEM images, size distribution, and EDS spectrum of the loosely deposited particles of the W-1 μm sample. (g) Atomic fractions of carbon, oxygen and tungsten elements of the loosely deposited particles measured by SEM and TEM.

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