Magnetic ferrite/carbonized cotton fiber composites for improving electromagnetic absorption properties at gigahertz frequencies

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.01.041

Abstract

Abstract:

Ferrite/carbon composited materials, especially the bio-derived composited materials possessing both environmental friendliness and outstanding microwave absorption performance, attract numerous attentions for solving the “electromagnetic problem” in the Gigahertz frequency range. In this work, we demonstrate a bio-derived ferrite/carbon material by compositing functional carbonized cotton fibers (CCFs) and Fe₃O₄nanoparticles with optimized microwave-absorption properties. By adjusting the carbonization conditions systematically, the Fe3O4 loading contents and the microwave absorption properties can be varied simultaneously – and, indeed, optimized and tuned. The CCFs-₃O₄composites exhibited a minimum reflection-loss capacity RL(dB) of -56.8 dB at 10.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.67 mm, and its effective absorption bandwidth (RL(dB) <-20 dB) was found to broaden to 7.1 GHz. Electromagnetic characterizations, coupled with microstructure analyses, revealed that the enhancement in microwave absorption was triggered by the different microstructures of CCFs-Fe₃O₄composites - attributable to the different carbonization processes. These different conditions result in different amounts of Fe₃O₄attachment sites and lead to the enhancement of dielectric polarization at localized microstructures. The present work of bio-derived ferrite/carbon materials has important implications in understanding structure-performance relationships in dielectric-magnetic materials, and, meanwhile, could well be extended to a microwave-absorber design approach.

Key words: Electromagnetic absorption, Bio-derived material, Dielectric-magnetic composite, Interfacial polarization

Sateesh Bandaru, Narashima Murthy, Ravindra Kulkarni, Niall J. English. Magnetic ferrite/carbonized cotton fiber composites for improving electromagnetic absorption properties at gigahertz frequencies[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 86: 127-138.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Microwave absorption performance of CCFs-Fe3O4 composites compared with other reported bio-derived composites.

Materials	RL_min	Bandwidth	Thickness	Filler content	Ref.
PBPC (wood)	-16.1	7.63	3.73	50	[65]
PC (walnut shell)	-19.4	2.24	1.5	30	[66]
MPC (loofah)	-49.6	5	2	30	[67]
HPMC (rice)	-30.5	5	1.62	15	[68]
Ni/CF	-43	4.9	2	33	[69]
Co@NPC	-51.2	1.65	4.4	25	[33]
CNT@Co@C	-53.5	2	8.02	10	[34]
Fe@NPC@CF	-46.2	2.5	5.2	25	[35]
NiFe2O4@CF	-55.8	4	3.2	25	[36]
CCFs-Fe₃O₄	-56.8	7.1	1.67	30	Our

Fig. 1. Characterizations of CCFs-Fe3O4 composite. (a) XRD illustration, (b) Raman spectra, and (c) ID/IG values vs. nD of different composites.

Fig. 2. Microstructures of CCFs-Fe3O4 composites. (a)-(d) SEM images of 70080, 700120, 80080, and 800120 samples, (e), (f) The corresponding high-resolution images, (i)-(l) The corresponding elemental C, O, and Fe mapping.

Fig. 3. Magnetic properties of CCFs-Fe3O4 composite. (a) Magnetic hysteresis loops, (b) Comparison of MS, Mr, and HC.

Fig. 4. XPS characterizations of CCFs-Fe3O4 composite. (a) Survey spectra, (b) C1s spectra, (c) N1s spectra, (d) O1s spectra, (e) Fe2p spectra, and (f) the elemental content of different samples.

Fig. 5. XPS characterizations of CCFs-Fe3O4 composite with peak-fitting. (a) C1s spectra, (b) O1s spectra, (c) Fe2p spectra.

Fig. 6. Scattering parameters of CCFs-Fe3O4 composite. (a) Reflection coefficient (S11), (b) Transmission coefficient (S21), (c) Absorption coefficient (A).

Fig. 7. Electromagnetic parameters of CCFs-Fe3O4 composite. (a)-(b) Complex permittivity, (c) dielectric loss tangent, (d)-(e) complex permeability, (f) magnetic loss tangent.

Fig. 8. The plots of ε' versus ε”/f for CCFs-Fe3O4 composites.

Fig. 9. Microwave absorption performances of CCF-Fe3O4 composites. (a)-(d) the three-dimensional reflection loss mapping; (e)-(h) the corresponding contour plots; (i)-(l) microwave absorbing properties; (m)-(p) the plots of absorption bandwidth and minimum RL values. The thicknesses are ranging from 0 to 5?mm with an interval of 0.01?mm.

Fig. 10. Impedance-matching degree Δ: dependence on frequency for the CCFs-Fe3O4 composites.

Fig. 11. Schematic of the microwave absorbing mechanism of CCFs-Fe3O4 composites, including multi-polarization behavior, such as interfacial polarization and electric-dipole polarization.

References 73

[1]	J. Guo, J.R. Morris, Y. Ihm, C.I. Contescu, N.C. Gallego, G. Duscher, S.J. Pennycook, M.F. Chisholm, Small 8 (2012) 3283-3288. DOI URL
[2]	Y. Cheng, J.Z.Y. Seow, H.Q. Zhao, Z.C. Xu, G.B. Ji, Nano-Micro Lett. 12(2020) 125. DOI PMID
[3]	X.H. Liang, Z.M. Man, B. Quan, J. Zheng, W.H. Gu, Z. Zhang, G.B. Ji, Nano-Micro Lett. 12(2020) 102. DOI URL
[4]	C. Han, M. Zhang, W.Q. Cao, M.S. Cao, Carbon 171 (2021) 953-962. DOI URL
[5]	P. Singh, V.K. Babbar, A. Razdan, R.K. Puri, T.C. Goel, J. Appl. Phys. 87(2000) 4362-4366. DOI URL
[6]	S.B. Yi, G.H. Bai, X.Y. Wang, X.F. Zhang, A. Hussain, J.Y. Jin, M. Yan, Ceram. Int. 46(2020) 8935-8941. DOI URL
[7]	A. Hussain, G.H. Bai, H.X. Huo, S.B. Yi, X.Y. Wang, X.Y. Fan, M. Yan, Ceram. Interfaces 45 (2019) 12544-12549. DOI URL
[8]	M. Yan, J. Hu, W. Luo, W.Y. Zhang, J. Magn. Magn 303(2006) 249-255. DOI URL
[9]	A. Hussain, A. Naeem, G.H. Bai, M. Yan, J. Mater. Sci 29(2018) 20783-20789.
[10]	N. Yang, J. Zeng, J. Xue, L. Zeng, Y. Zhao, J. Alloys Compd. 735(2018) 2212-2218. DOI URL
[11]	D. Liu, R. Qiang, Y. Du, Y. Wang, C. Tian, X. Han, J. Colloid Interfaces Sci. 514(2018) 10-20. DOI URL
[12]	T. Wu, Y. Liu, X. Zeng, T. Cui, Y. Zhao, Y. Li, G. Tong, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016) 7370-7380. DOI URL
[13]	X. Zhang, Y. Li, R. Liu, Y. Rao, H. Rong, G. Qin, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016) 3494-3498. DOI URL
[14]	X. Tian, F. Meng, F. Meng, X. Chen, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, W. Zhu, Z. Zhou, ACS Appl.Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 15711-15718.
[15]	Y. Li, T. Gao, W. Zhang, H. Hu, H. Rong, X. Zhang, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2(2019) 3648-3653. DOI URL
[16]	Y. Yin, X. Liu, X. Wei, Y. Li, X. Nie, R. Yu, J. Shui, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(2017) 30850-30861. DOI URL
[17]	D. Liu, Y. Du, P. Xu, N. Liu, Y. Wang, H. Zhao, L. Cui, X. Han, J. Mater. Chem. C 7 (2019) 5037-5046. DOI URL
[18]	X. Zhang, J. Guo, P. Guan, G. Qin, S.J. Pennycook, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115(2015) 147601. DOI URL
[19]	Y. Li, X. Liu, R. Liu, X. Pang, Y. Zhang, G. Qin, X. Zhang, Carbon 139 (2018) 181-188. DOI URL
[20]	Z. Xu, Y. Du, D. Liu, Y. Wang, W. Ma, Y. Wang, P. Xu, X. Han, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 4268-4277. DOI URL
[21]	Y. Li, X. Chen, Q. Wei, W. Liu, Y. Zhang, G. Qin, Z. Shi, X. Zhang, Sci. Bull. 65(2020) 623-630. DOI URL
[22]	Y. Li, Y. Zheng, R. Liu, Y. Rao, R. Su, J. Yu, X. Liu, P. Guan, J. Guo, X. Zhang, J. Appl. Phys. 127(2020) 195107. DOI URL
[23]	Y. Li, R. Liu, X. Pang, X. Zhao, Y. Zhang, G. Qin, X. Zhang, Carbon 126 (2018) 372-381. DOI URL
[24]	Z. Li, X. Ding, F. Li, X. Liu, S. Zhang, H. Long, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 50(2017) 445305. DOI URL
[25]	X.Y. Wang, Y.K. Lu, T. Zhu, S.C. Chang, W. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 388(2020) 124327.
[26]	H.L. Xue, Q.Z. Jiao, L. Hao, X. Ni, Y.J. Wang, H.S. Li, Q. Wu, Y. Zhao, Micro Nano Lett. 12(2017) 227-230. DOI URL
[27]	C. Luo, Y. Tang, T. Jiao, J. Kong, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 28051-28061. DOI URL
[28]	A. Nazir, H. Yu, L. Wang, M. Haroon, R.S. Ullah, S. Fahad, T. Elshaarani, A. Khan, M. U sman, J.Mater. Sci. 53(2018) 8699-8719.
[29]	X. Li, Y. Yang, J. Liu, L. Ouyang, J. Liu, R. Hu, L. Yang, M. Zhu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 413(2017) 169-174. DOI URL
[30]	Y. Yuan, X. Sun, M. Yang, F. Xu, Z. Lin, X. Zhao, Y. Ding, J. Li, W. Yin, Q. Peng, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 21371-21381. DOI URL
[31]	Z. Shen, J. Feng, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7(2019) 6259-6266. DOI URL
[32]	Z. Li, H. Lin, S. Ding, H. Ling, T. Wang, Z. Miao, M. Zhang, A. Meng, Q. Li, Carbon 167 (2020) 148-159. DOI URL
[33]	H.Q. Zhao, Y. Cheng, J.N. Ma, Y.N. Zhang, G.B. Ji, Y.W. Du, Chem. Eng. J. 339(2018) 432-441. DOI URL
[34]	M.L. Yang, Y. Yuan, Y. Li, X.X. Sun, S.S. Wang, L. Liang, Y.H. Ning, J.J. Li, W.L. Yin, R.C. Che, Y.B. Li, Carbon 161 (2020) 517-527. DOI URL
[35]	X. Li, E.B. Cui, Z. Xiang, L.Z. Yu, J. Xiong, F. Pan, W. Lu, J. Alloys Compd. 819(2020) 152952. DOI URL
[36]	W.X. Li, H.X. Qi, F. Guo, X.J. Niu, Y.E. Du, Y.Q. Chen, RSC Adv. 9(2019) 29959-29966. DOI URL
[37]	M.S. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio, M. Hofmann, G. Dresselhaus, R. Saito, Nano Lett. 10(2010) 751-758. DOI PMID
[38]	A.C. Ferrari, J. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. Novoselov, S. Roth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2006) 187401. PMID
[39]	L. Canc¸ ado, K. Takai, T. Enoki, M. Endo, Y. Kim, H. Misusaki, A. Jorio, L. Coelho, R. Magalhaes-Paniago, M. Pimenta, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (2006) 163106. DOI URL
[40]	A.C. Ferrari, D.M. Basko, Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 (2013) 235-246. DOI PMID
[41]	M. Bruna, A.K. Ott, M. Ij¨as, D. Yoon, U. Sassi, A.C. Ferrari, ACS Nano 8 (2014) 7432-7441. DOI URL
[42]	S.A. Chernyak, A.S. Ivanov, K.I. Maslakov, A.V. Egorov, Z. Shen, S.S. Savilov, V.V. Lunin, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19(2017) 2276-2285. DOI PMID
[43]	S. Claramunt, A. Varea, D. López-Díaz, M.M. Velázquez, A. Cornet, A. Cirera, J. Phys. Chem. C 119 (2015) 10123-10129. DOI URL
[44]	S. Eigler, C. Dotzer, A. Hirsch, Carbon 50 (2012) 3666-3673. DOI URL
[45]	B. Kariminejad, M. Salami-Kalajahi, H. Roghani-Mamaqani, A. Noparvar-Qarebagh, Polym. Compos. 38(2017) E515-E524. DOI URL
[46]	Z. Sun, Z. Yan, J. Yao, E. Beitler, Y. Zhu, J.M. Tour, Nature 468 (2010) 549-552. DOI URL
[47]	S. Vinod, C.S. Tiwary, L.D. Machado, S. Ozden, R. Vajtai, D.S. Galvao, P.M. Ajayan, Nanoscale 8 (2016) 15857-15863. DOI URL
[48]	D. Voiry, J. Yang, J. Kupferberg, R. Fullon, C. Lee, H.Y. Jeong, H.S. Shin, M. Chhowalla, Science 353 (2016) 1413-1416. DOI URL
[49]	Z. Zafar, Z.H. Ni, X. Wu, Z.X. Shi, H.Y. Nan, J. Bai, L.T. Sun, Carbon 61 (2013) 57-62. DOI URL
[50]	C. Brosseau, W. NDong, A. Mdarhri, J. Appl. Phys. 104(2008) 074907. DOI URL
[51]	R. Lv, F. Kang, J. Gu, X. Gui, J. Wei, K. Wang, D. Wu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(2008), 223105. DOI URL
[52]	W. Liu, S. Tan, Z.D. Yang, G.B. Ji, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018)31610-31622. DOI URL
[53]	G.Z. Wang, Z. Gao, S.W. Tang, C.Q. Chen, F.F. Duan, S.C. Zhao, S.W. Lin, Y.H. Feng, L. Zhou, Y. Qin, ACS Nano 6 (2012) 11009-11017. DOI URL
[54]	H. Wang, Y.Y. Dai, W.J. Gong, D.Y. Geng, S. Ma, D. Li, W. Liu, Z.D. Zhang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(2013) 223113. DOI URL
[55]	H. Wang, Y.Y. Dai, S. Geng, D.Y. Ma, D. Li, J. An, J. He, W. Liu, Z.D. Zhang, Nanoscale 7 (2015) 17312-17319. DOI PMID
[56]	H.J. Yang, W.Q. Cao, D.Q. Zhang, T.J. Su, H.L. Shi, W.Z. Wang, J. Yuan, M.S. Cao, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015) 7073-7077. DOI URL
[57]	H.J. Yang, J. Yuan, Y. Li, Z.L. Hou, H.B. Jin, X.Y. Fang, M.S. Cao, Solid State Commun. 163(2013) 1-6. DOI URL
[58]	H.J. Yang, M.S. Cao, Y. Li, H.L. Shi, Z.L. Hou, X.Y. Fang, H.B. Jin, W.Z. Wang, J. Yuan, Adv. Opt. Mater. 2(2014) 214-219. DOI URL
[59]	D. Ugarte, A. Chatelain, W.A. de Heer, Science 274 (1996) 1897-1899. PMID
[60]	B. Shan, K. Cho, Phys. Rev. B 73 (2006) 081401. DOI URL
[61]	M.S. Cao, J. Yang, W.L. Song, D.Q. Zhang, B. Wen, H.B. Jin, Z.L. Hou, J. Yuan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012) 6949-6956. DOI URL
[62]	Y. Li, J. Wang, R. Liu, X. Zhao, X. Wang, X. Zhang, G. Qin, J. Alloys Compd. 724(2017) 1023-1029. DOI URL
[63]	J. Wang, Z. Wang, R. Liu, Y. Li, X. Zhao, X. Zhang, Mater. Lett. 209(2017)276-279. DOI URL
[64]	Z. Wang, X. Liu, Y. Li, J. Wang, R. Liu, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Yu, W. Chen, Z. Shi, J. Zhang, X. Zhang, J. Alloys Compd. 767(2018) 1-6. DOI URL
[65]	J. Xi, E. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Gao, J. Ying, Z. Chen, C. Gao, Carbon 124 (2017) 492-498. DOI URL
[66]	X. Qiu, L. Wang, H. Zhu, Y. Guan, Q. Zhang, Nanoscale 9 (2017) 7408-7418. DOI PMID
[67]	H. Wang, F. Meng, J. Li, T. Li, Z. Chen, H. Luo, Z. Zhou, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6(2018) 11801-11810. DOI URL
[68]	H. Zhao, Y. Cheng, H. Lv, G. Ji, Y. Du, Carbon 142 (2019) 245-253. DOI URL
[69]	W.X. Li, F. Guo, X.Q. Wei, Y. Du, Y.Q. Chen, RSC Adv. 10(2020) 36644-36653. DOI URL
[70]	L. Quan, F.X. Qin, D. Estevez, H. Wang, H.X. Peng, Carbon 125 (2017) 630-639. DOI URL
[71]	Y. Zhou, N. Wang, J. Muhammad, D. Wang, Y. Duan, X. Zhang, X. Dong, Z. Zhang, Carbon 148 (2019) 204-213. DOI URL
[72]	X.H. Liang, B. Quan, Z.M. Man, B.C. Cao, N. Li, C.H. Wang, G.B. Ji, T. Yu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 30228-30233. DOI URL
[73]	W. Liu, S.J. Tan, Z.H. Yang, G.B. Ji, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 31610-31622. DOI URL