From microstructure evolution to thermoelectric and mechanical properties enhancement of SnSe

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.015

Abstract

Abstract:

Defect existing form and its evolution play an important role in the thermoelectric transport process. Here different forms of Pb into the SnSe system were introduced in order to improve the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of SnSe. Pb/SnSe samples were fabricated by vacuum melting, solid phase diffusion, spark plasma sintering and annealing treatment. The element valence mapping diagram and the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) characteristic peaks of Pb show that a certain amount of elemental Pb exists in the initial state, and evolves into Pb²⁺ ion after annealing treatment. The micro-structure evolution leads to significant enhancement of the power factor and the ZT value. The power factor (PF) and the ZT value for Pb/SnSe increases to 623 μW/m/K² and 1.12 at 773 K after annealing treatment, respectively. Compared with SnSe matrix, the hardness and fracture toughness of Pb/SnSe samples increased by about 40% and 10%, respectively. Reasonable control of microstructure evolution is expected to be a design idea to improve thermoelectric and mechanical properties of SnSe.

Key words: Thermoelectric material, SnSe, Valence mapping, Defect evolution, Power factor

Chi Ma, Xue Bai, Qiang Ren, Hongquan Liu, Yijie Gu, Hongzhi Cui. From microstructure evolution to thermoelectric and mechanical properties enhancement of SnSe[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 58: 10-15.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. (a) Crystal structure of polycrystalline SnSe bulk sample. (b) XRD patterns of polycrystalline SnSe and Pb/SnSe bulk samples before and after annealing.

Fig. 2. Room temperature X-ray photoemission spectra of polycrystalline Pb/SnSe bulk sample (a) before annealing; (c) after annealing. valence state mapping patterns of polycrystalline Pb/SnSe bulk sample with measuring (b) before annealing; (d) after annealing.

Fig. 3. Temperature-dependent (a) electrical conductibility (σ), (b) Seebeck coefficient (S), (c) carrier concentration (nH), (d) carrier mobility (μH), (e) power factor (PF) of polycrystalline SnSe and Pb/SnSe bulk samples before and after annealing. (f) The histogram for PFmax of this work and others by melting method at 773 K as comparisons.

Fig. 4. Temperature-dependent (a) total thermal conductivity (κT), (c) ZT for polycrystalline SnSe and Pb/SnSe bulk samples before and after annealing. The histogram for (b) lattice thermal conductivity (κL) at 673 K, 723 K, 773 K of polycrystalline SnSe and Pb/SnSe bulk samples before and after annealing, respectively. (d) The histogram for ZTmax of this work and others by melting method at 773 K as comparisons.

Fig. 5. (a) Vickers’ hardness (HV), (b) fracture toughness (Kic) of polycrystalline SnSe with Pb/SnSe bulk samples before and after annealing.

References 52

[1]	J. Hu, X.A. Fan, C.P. Jiang, B. Feng, Q.S. Xiang, G.Q. Li, Z. He, Y.W. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34 (2018) 2458-2463. DOI URL
[2]	B. Poudel, Q. Hao, Y. Ma, Y.C. Lan, A. Minnich, B. Yu, X. Yan, D.Z. Wang, A. Muto, D. Vashaee, X.Y. Chen, J.M. Liu, M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Chen, Z.F. Ren, Science 320 (2008) 634-638. DOI URL PMID
[3]	Y.Z. Pei, X.Y. Shi, A. Lalonde, H. Wang, L.D. Chen, G.J. Snyder, Nature 473 (2011) 66-69. DOI URL PMID
[4]	J.P. Heremans, C.M. Thrush, D.T. Morelli, Phys. Rev. B 70 (2004), 115334. DOI URL
[5]	K. Biswas, J.Q. He, I.D. Blum, C.I. Wu, T.P. Hogan, D.N. Seidman, V.P. Dravid, M.G. Kanatzidis, Nature 489 (2012) 414-418. DOI URL
[6]	W. Wei, C. Cheng, Y. Teng, J.Z. Liu, H.C. Tang, J. Zhang, Y.S. Li, F. Xu, Z.D. Zhang, J.F. Li, G.D. Tang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140 (2018) 499-505. DOI URL PMID
[7]	Y. Kim, Y. Jin, G. Yoon, I. Chung, H. Yoon, C.Y. Yoo, H.P. Sang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35 (2019) 711-718. DOI URL
[8]	Z.Y. Chu, H.Q. Liu, C.H. Yuan, Y.Q. Wang, W.J. Wang, H.Z. Cui, Y.J. Gu, Mater. Chem. Phys. 199 (2017) 464-470. DOI URL
[9]	B.C. Qin, D.Y. Wang, W.K. He, Y. Zhang, H.J. Wu, S.J. Pennycook, L.D. Zhao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 (2019) 1141-1149. DOI URL PMID
[10]	L.D. Zhao, S.H. Lo, Y.S. Zhang, H. Sun, G.J. Tan, C. Uher, C. Wolverton, V.P. Dravid, M.G. Kanatzidis, Nature 508 (2014) 373-377. DOI URL
[11]	C.L. Chen, H. Wang, Y.Y. Chen, T. Day, G.J. Snyder, J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014) 11171-11176. DOI URL
[12]	T.R. Wei, G.J. Tan, X.M. Zhang, C.F. Wu, J.F. Li, V.P. Dravid, G.J. Snyder, M.G. Kanatzidis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (2016) 8875-8882. DOI URL PMID
[13]	J.H. Kim, S. Oh, Y.M. Kim, H.S. So, H. Lee, J.S. Rhyee, S.D. Park, S.J. Kim, J. Alloys. Compd. 682 (2016) 785-790. DOI URL
[14]	N.K. Singh, S. Bathula, B. Gahtoria, K. Tyagiab, D. Haranath, A. Dhara, J. Alloys. Compd. 668 (2016) 152-158. DOI URL
[15]	Q. Zhang, E.K. Chere, J.Y. Sun, F. Cao, K. Dahal, S. Chen, G. Chen, Z.F. Ren, Adv. Energy Mater. 5 (2015), 1500360. DOI URL
[16]	H.Q. Liu, Z.Y. Chu, H.Z. Cui, T. Yuan, Y.J. Gu, C.H. Yuan, H. Xue, Y.Q. Wang, Rare Metal Mater. Eng. 47 (2018) 1013-1019.
[17]	L.D. Zhao, S.Q. Hao, S.H. Lo, C.I. Wu, X.Y. Zhou, Y. Lee, H. Li, K. Biswas, T.P. Hogan, C. Uher, C. Wolverton, V.P. Dravid, M.G. Kanatzidis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013) 7364-7370. DOI URL PMID
[18]	E.K. Chere, Q. Zhang, K. Dahal, F. Cao, J. Mao, Z.F. Ren, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. Energy Sustain. 4 (2016) 1848-1854. DOI URL
[19]	S.R. Popuri, M. Pollet, R. Decourt, F.D. Morrison, N.S. Bennett, J.W.G. Bos, J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4 (2016) 1685-1691. DOI URL
[20]	Y.W. Li, F. Li, J.F. Dong, Z.H. Ge, F.Y. Kang, J.Q. He, H.D. Du, B. Li, J.F. Li, J. Mater. Chem. C 4 (2016) 2047-2055. DOI URL
[21]	Z.H. Ge, K.Y. Wei, H. Lewis, J. Martin, G.S. Nolas, J. Solid State Chem. 225 (2015) 354-358. DOI URL
[22]	Y.W. Zhang, X.P. Jia, H.R. Sun, B. Sun, B.W. Liu, H.G. Ma, J. Alloys. Compd. 667 (2016) 123-129. DOI URL
[23]	X. Zhang, H.Q. Liu, Q.M. Lu, J.X. Zhang, F.P. Zhang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 (2013), 063901. DOI URL
[24]	J. Zhou, X.B. Li, G. Chen, R.G. Yang, Phys. Rev. B 82 (2010), 115308. DOI URL
[25]	H.Q. Liu, X.B. Zhao, T.J. Zhu, Y.J. Gu, J. Rare Earths 30 (2012) 456-459. DOI URL
[26]	G.J. Tan, F.Y. Shi, H. Sun, L.D. Zhao, C. Uher, V.P. Dravid, M.G. Kanatzidis, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. Energy Sustain. 2 (2014) 20849. DOI URL
[27]	L.D. Zhao, X. Zhang, H.J. Wu, G.J. Tan, Y.Z. Pei, Y. Xiao, C. Chang, D. Wu, H. Chi, L. Zheng, S.K. Gong, C. Uher, J.Q. He, M.G. Kanatzidis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (2016) 2366-2373. DOI URL PMID
[28]	L.J. Zhang, J.L. Wang, Z.X. Cheng, Q. Sun, Z. Li, S.X. Dou, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. Energy Sustain. 4 (2016) 7936-7942. DOI URL
[29]	A. Banik, S. Roychowdhury, K. Biswas, Chem. Commun. 54 (2018) 6573-6590. DOI URL
[30]	Y.Z. Pei, J. Lensch-Falk, E.S. Toberer, D.L. Medlin, G.J. Snyder, Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 (2011) 241-249. DOI URL
[31]	H. Ju, D. Park, J. Kim, J. Alloys. Compd. 732 (2018) 436-442.
[32]	D. Li, J.C. Li, X.Y. Qin, J. Zhang, H.X. Xin, C.J. Song, L. Wang, Energy 116 (2016) 861-866.
[33]	Y. Tang, D.C. Li, Z. Chen, S.P. Deng, L.Q. Sun, W.T. Liu, L.X. Shen, S.K. Deng, Chin. Phys. B 27 (2018), 118105.
[34]	Y. Lu, F.W. Zheng, Y. Yang, P. Zhang, D.B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 100 (2019), 054304.
[35]	G. Duvjir, T. Min, T.T. Ly, T. Kim, A.T. Duong, S. Cho, S.H. Rhim, J. Lee, J. Kim, Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 (2017), 262106.
[36]	C. Ma, H.Q. Liu, R.X. Chen, Q. Su, H.Z. Cui, Y.J. Gu, J. Mater. Sci. -Mater. Electron. 30 (2019) 6403-6410.
[37]	G.D. Tang, J. Liu, J. Zhang, D. Li, K.H. Rara, R. Xu, W.Q. Lu, J.Z. Liu, Y.S. Zhang, Z.Z. Peng, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 30558-30565. DOI URL PMID
[38]	J.F. Moulder, W.F. Stickle, P.E. Sobol, K.D. Bomben, Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Perkin-Elmer Corp, Eden Prairie Minnesota, 1992.
[39]	Y.K. Lee, K. Ahn, J. Cha, C.J. Zhou, H.S. Kim, G. Choi, S.I. Chae, J.H. Park, S.P. Cho, S.H. Park, Y.E. Sung, W.B. Lee, T. Hyeon, I. Chung, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 (2017) 10887-10896. DOI URL PMID
[40]	C. Ma, X.Y. Wang, H.Q. Liu, Q. Su, Q. Zhang, Y.J. Gu, H.Z. Cui, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2 (2019) 2604-2610.
[41]	G.D. Tang, W. Wei, J. Zhang, Y.S. Li, X. Wang, G.Z. Xu, C. Chang, Z.H. Wang, Y.W. Du, L.D. Zhao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (2016) 13647-13654. URL PMID
[42]	Y.D. Cheng, J.Y. Yang, Q.H. Jiang, L.W. Fu, Y. Xiao, Y.B. Luo, D. Zhang, M.Y. Zhang, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 98 (2015) 3975-3980.
[43]	Q.Q. Li, L.L. Zhang, J.Z. Yin, Z.H. Sheng, X.Z. Chu, F. Wang, F.X. Zhu, J. Alloys. Compd. 745 (2018) 513-518.
[44]	M. Cutler, N.F. Mott, Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1336.
[45]	T.J. Zhu, Y.T. Liu, C.G. Fu, J.P. Heremans, J.G. Snyder, X.B. Zhao, Adv. Mater. 29 (2017), 1605884.
[46]	Q. Zhao, B.C. Qin, D.Y. Wang, Y.T. Qiu, L.D. Zhao, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3 (2020) 2049-2054.
[47]	Z.G. Chen, X.L. Shi, L.D. Zhao, J. Zou, Prog. Mater. Sci. 97 (2018) 283-346.
[48]	E.S. Toberer, L.L. Baranowski, C. Dames, Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. 42 (2012) 179-209.
[49]	C.C. Lin, L. Rathnam, J.H. Yun, H.S. Lee, J.S. Rhyee, Chem. Mater. 29 (2017) 5344-5352.
[50]	F. Chu, Q.H. Zhang, Z.X. Zhou, D.K. Hou, L.J. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Alloys. Compd. 741 (2018) 756-764.
[51]	X.C. He, H.L. Shen, W. Wang, Z.Z. Wang, B.S. Zhang, X.Q. Li, J. Alloys. Compd. 556 (2013) 86-93.
[52]	S. Perumal, M. Samanta, T. Ghosh, U.S. Shenoy, A.K. Bohra, S. Bhattacharya, A. Singh, U.V. Waghmare, K. Biswas, Joule 3 (2019) 1-16.