2-(Trifluoroacetyl) thiophene as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries using LiCoO2 cathode

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.002

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of high voltage electrolytes plays a critical role to achieve advanced lithium ion batteries with high energy density. Application of suitable electrolyte additives is a facile and effective way to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance at high voltage operation. In this work, 2-(trifluoroacetyl) thiophene (TFPN) was investigated as a functional electrolyte additive for high performance lithium ion batteries using high-voltage LiCoO₂ cathode. When cycled between 3.0 V and 4.4 V at 0.5 C, the capacity retention of the LiCoO₂ cathode significantly increases from 33.2 %-90.6 % by the addition of 0.5 wt% TFPN into the baseline electrolyte. Based on the measurements on impedance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra, the improved cycling performance is attributed to the preferential oxidation of TFPN on the cathode surface and thus form a protective layer to suppress the decomposition of both electrolyte solvent and lithium salt. This work presents that TFPN has great potential as functional additive for the development of high-voltage and high-energy-density lithium ion batteries.

Key words: Lithium ion batteries, Electrolyte additive, High voltage, Thiophene

Yi Sun, Jian Huang, Hongfa Xiang, Xin Liang, Yuezhan Feng, Yan Yu. 2-(Trifluoroacetyl) thiophene as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries using LiCoO₂ cathode[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 55: 198-202.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. Molecular structure of electrolyte additive: 2-(Trifluoroacetyl)thiophene.

Fig. 2. Linear sweep voltammograms of 1 mol L-1 LiPF6/EC + DEC (1/1, v/v) solutions with (a) no additive and (b) 3.0 wt% TFPN in stainless steel||Li metal cell (scan rate is 0.2 mV s-1).

Fig. 3. (a) Initial discharge curves and (b) cyclic performances of Li/LiCoO2 coin cells with 1 mol L-1 LiPF6/EC + DEC (1/1, v/v) solutions with no additive and 0.25 wt%, 0.50 wt%, 1.0 wt%, cut-off voltage of 3.0-4.4 V, initial 3 cycles at 0.1 C for activation, then cycle at 0.5 C.

Fig. 4. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of the LiCoO2/Li coil cells at the (a) 20th, (b) 100th and fitting curve using the equivalent circuit, with 1 mol L-1 LiPF6/EC + DEC (1/1, v/v) solutions with no additive and 0.50 wt% TFPN.

Table 1 Impedance parameters of LiCoO2 cycles in the baseline electrolyte and the baseline electrolyte with 0.5 wt% TFPN-addition after 100 cycles.

Sample	R0 (ohm)	R1 (ohm)	R2 (ohm)
Baseline electrolyte	6.72	77.7	554.7
0.5 wt% TFPN addition	9.97	47.4	47.8

Fig. 5. SEM images of (a) the pristine LiCoO2 and cycled LiCoO2 electrodes in (b) the base and (c) 0.50 % TFPN containing electrolytes. TEM images of cycled LiCoO2 electrodes using (d) 1 mol L-1 LiPF6/EC + DEC (1/1, v/v) solutions with no additive and (e) 0.50 wt% TFPN.

Fig. 6. XPS spectra of the LiCoO2 cathodes in the electrolyte without additive and with 0.50 wt% TFPN collected after 100 cycles: (a) C 1s, (b) F 1s, (c) S 2p.

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2-(Trifluoroacetyl) thiophene as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries using LiCoO₂ cathode

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