Microfibrillated Cellulose Based Ink for Eco-Sustainable Screen Printed Flexible Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.02.010

Abstract

Abstract: Free organic solvent ink containing graphite, carboxymethyl cellulose and microfibrillated cellulose as active material, dispersing and binder, respectively, has been formulated to produce flexible and eco-sustainable electrodes for lithium ion batteries. Content ratio of components and dispersion protocol were tailored in order to have rheological properties suitable for a large and cheap manufacturing process as well as screen printing. The bio-sourced printed electrodes exhibit a high porosity value of 70% that limits the electrochemical performances. However, the calendering process enhances electrode performances by increasing the reversible capacity from 85 until 315?mAh/g and reducing porosity to an optimal value of 34%. Moreover the introduction of 2% w/w of monofluoro-ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte reduced their reversible capacity loss of 11% in the printed electrode.

Key words: Lithium ion batteries, Flexible electrode, Graphite, Screen printing, Cellulose, Organic free solvent

Oussama El Baradai, Davide Beneventi, Fannie Alloin, Roberta Bongiovanni, Nadege Bruas-Reverdy, Yann Bultel, Didier Chaussy. Microfibrillated Cellulose Based Ink for Eco-Sustainable Screen Printed Flexible Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(6): 566-572.

Figures/Tables 12

Flow chart of formulation process.

Apparent viscosity as function of MFC content at a fixed shear rate γ

of 1?s-1.

Apparent viscosity as function of shear rate for increasing (■) and decreasing (□) shear rate. The inset shows the existence of a yield stress.

Storage (G′

□) and loss (G″

■) modulus as function of frequency.

Loss angle as function of shear stress during printing process: (I) represents the passage through the screen while (II) represents the transfer of ink from the screen to the substrate.

Coating thickness as function of squeegee passages.

(a) Image illustrating the flexibility of the printed electrode, (b) cross section image taken by SEM of the electrode at 300?X showing the interface between the negative electrode and the separator, (c) FESEM image at 3?kV showing binding role of MFC particles with network structure between MFC particles marked by 1 and graphite particles marked by 2.

Voltammogram at 0.01?mV?s-1 for graphite based electrode.

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