Abstract: Flexible aerogels, characterized by their lightweight, highly porous structure and exceptional mechanical deformability, have attracted extensive attention as promising materials for advanced applications that overcome the brittleness of traditional aerogels. This review systematically examines recent progress in design strategies, fabrication techniques, and functional applications of flexible aerogels, with a particular focus on intelligent electromagnetic (EM) protection. We highlight innovative approaches, such as monomer regulation, nanofiber reinforcement, hierarchical structural design, and composite integration. Furthermore, advanced fabrication methods, including directional freeze-casting, ambient pressure drying, and 3D printing, are reviewed. The remarkable potential of flexible aerogels in intelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption is emphasized, especially in applications like wearable EM shields, radar absorbers, and multifunctional systems that combine thermal management and stealth functionalities. Finally, we critically discuss the key challenges facing flexible aerogels, such as achieving an optimal balance between flexibility and other functionalities, scaling up production, and ensuring long-term durability, and provide insights and future perspectives to guide further research.

Key words: Flexible aerogels, Design strategies, Fabrication techniques, EM protection