Progress of pristine metal-organic frameworks for electrocatalytic applications

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.081

Abstract

Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising highly active electrocatalysts with well-defined structures, high porosity, and abundant redox sites. However, most of them undergo a pyrolysis treatment to form derivatives and are employed as the catalytic phase, leading to the structural collapse and loss of organic linkers. Utilizing the pristine MOFs can greatly maximize their superiority. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of pristine MOFs in the electrocatalytic HER/OER/ORR/CO₂RR process from the perspective of metal-anion and ligand-based active sites. For each electrocatalytic reaction, the tuning strategies and the effects of different active sites on electrochemical performance are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of pristine MOF-based electrocatalytic materials are outlined.

Key words: Pristine MOFs, Metal-anion active sites, Ligand-based active sites, Tuning strategies, Electrocatalysis

Xiaoyu Zheng, Minghui Li, Jing Li, Xiangyang Li, Yao Zhou. Progress of pristine metal-organic frameworks for electrocatalytic applications[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 230: 291-310.

References

[1] Y. Jiao, Y. Zheng, M. Jaroniec, S.Z. Qiao, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44(2015) 2060-2086.
[2] D. Narváez-Celada, A.S. Varela, J. Mater. Chem. A 10 (2022) 5899-5917.
[3] M.K. Debe, Nature 486 (2012) 43-51.
[4] C. Zhu, H. Li, S. Fu, D. Du, Y. Lin, Chem. Soc. Rev. 45(2016) 517-531.
[5] M. Chen, H. Sun, Q. Lu, D. Li, D. Liu, T. Zhou, B. Zi, H. Zheng, B. Xiao, T. He, J. Zhao, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, F. Liu, H. Cui, H. Pan, Q. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 497(2024) 154235.
[6] J. Wang, W. Cui, Q. Liu, Z. Xing, A.M. Asiri, X. Sun, Adv. Mater. 28(2016) 215-230.
[7] X. Du, J. Huang, J. Zhang, Y. Yan, C. Wu, Y. Hu, C. Yan, T. Lei, W. Chen, C. Fan, J. Xiong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(2019) 4484-4502.
[8] H.-F. Wang, Q. Xu, Matter 1 (2019) 565-595.
[9] X.-T. Wang, T.Ouyang, L. Wang, J.-H. Zhong, T. Ma, Z.-Q. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(2019) 13291-13296.
[10] Y.-J. Wang, H.Fan, A. Ignaszak, L. Zhang, S. Shao, D.P. Wilkinson, J. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J. 348(2018) 416-437.
[11] D. Liu, X. Li, S. Chen, H. Yan, C. Wang, C. Wu, Y.A. Haleem, S. Duan, J. Lu, B. Ge, P.M. Ajayan, Y. Luo, J. Jiang, L. Song, Nat. Energy 4 (2019) 512-518.
[12] J. Liu, D. Zhu, T. Ling, A. Vasileff, S.-Z. Qiao, Nano Energy 40 (2017) 264-273.
[13] Z.W. Seh, J. Kibsgaard, C.F. Dickens, I. Chorkendorff, J.K. Nørskov, T.F. Jaramillo, Science 355 (2017) eaad4998.
[14] X. Wang, J.F. de Araújo, W.Ju, A. Bagger, H. Schmies, S. Kühl, J. Rossmeisl, P. Strasser, Nat. Nanotechnol. 14(2019) 1063-1070.
[15] W. Xia, J. Tang, J. Li, S. Zhang, K.C.W.Wu, J. He, Y.Yamauchi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(2019) 13354-13359.
[16] Y. Luo, L. Tang, U. Khan, Q. Yu, H.-M. Cheng, X.Zou, B. Liu, Nat. Commun. 10(2019) 269.
[17] F. Li, A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, Z. Wang, Y. Li, C.M. Gabardo, A. Ozden, C.T. Dinh, J. Li, Y. Wang, J.P. Edwards, Y. Xu, C. McCallum, L. Tao, Z.-Q. Liang, M. Luo, X. Wang, H. Li, C.P. O’Brien, C.-S. Tan, D.-H. Nam, R. Quintero-Ber-mudez, T.-T. Zhuang, Y.C. Li, Z. Han, R.D. Britt, D. Sinton, T. Agapie, J.C. Peters, E.H. Sargent, Nature 577 (2020) 509-513.
[18] X. Ge, A. Sumboja, D. Wuu, T. An, B. Li, F.W.T.Goh, T.S.A.Hor, Y. Zong, Z. Liu, ACS Catal. 5(2015) 4643-4667.
[19] J. Gao, C.-Q. Xu, S.-F. Hung, W. Liu, W. Cai, Z. Zeng, C. Jia, H.M. Chen, H. Xiao, J. Li, Y. Huang, B. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141(2019) 3014-3023.
[20] Q. Shao, F. Li, Y. Chen, X. Huang, Adv. Mater. Interf. 5(2018) 1800486.
[21] X. Tian, X. Zhao, Y.-Q. Su, L. Wang, H. Wang, D. Dang, B. Chi, H. Liu, E.J.M. Hensen, X.W. Lou, B.Y. Xia, Science 366 (2019) 850-856.
[22] X. Wang, Z. Li, Y. Qu, T. Yuan, W. Wang, Y. Wu, Y. Li, Chem 5 (2019) 1486-1511.
[23] F. Yang, G. Xu, Y. Dou, B. Wang, H. Zhang, H. Wu, W. Zhou, J.-R. Li, B. Chen, Nat. Energy 2 (2017) 877-883.
[24] S. Horike, D. Umeyama, S. Kitagawa, Acc. Chem. Res. 46(2013) 2376-2384.
[25] W.-G. Cui, G.-Y. Zhang, T.-L. Hu, X.-H. Bu, Coord. Chem. Rev. 387(2019) 79-120.
[26] C.S. Diercks, Y. Liu, K.E. Cordova, O.M. Yaghi, Nat. Mater. 17(2018) 301-307.
[27] Y. Pan, R. Abazari, B. Tahir, S. Sanati, Y. Zheng, M. Tahir, J. Gao, Coord. Chem. Rev. 499(2024) 215538.
[28] Z. Ye, Y. Jiang, L. Li, F. Wu, R. Chen, Nano-Micro Lett. 13(2021) 203.
[29] H. Tan, Y. Zhou, S.-Z. Qiao, H.J. Fan, Mater. Today 48 (2021) 270-284.
[30] Y. He, W. Zhou, G. Qian, B. Chen, Chem. Soc. Rev. 43(2014) 5657-5678.
[31] D. Xu, D. Chao, H. Wang, Y. Gong, R. Wang, B. He, X. Hu, H.J. Fan, Adv. Energy Mater. 8(2018) 1702769.
[32] X. Zhao, Y. Wang, D.-S. Li, X.Bu, P. Feng, Adv. Mater. 30(2018) 1705189.
[33] R.-B. Lin, S.Xiang, H. Xing, W. Zhou, B. Chen, Coord. Chem. Rev. 378(2019) 87-103.
[34] J.-R. Li, R.J. Kuppler, H.-C. Zhou, Chem. Soc. Rev. 38(2009) 1477-1504.
[35] Z. Bao, G. Chang, H. Xing, R. Krishna, Q. Ren, B. Chen, Energy Environ. Sci. 9(2016) 3612-3641.
[36] Y. He, R. Krishna, B. Chen, Energy Environ. Sci. 5(2012) 9107-9120.
[37] Y. Zhao, J. Liu, M.-L. Han, G.-P. Yang, L.-F. Ma, Y.-Y. Wang, Rare Met. 40(2021) 499-504.
[38] J.-B. Zhang, Y.-B. Tian, Z.-G. Gu, J. Zhang, Nano-Micro Lett. 16(2024) 253.
[39] E.A. Dolgopolova, A.M. Rice, C.R. Martin, N.B. Shustova, Chem. Soc. Rev. 47(2018) 4710-4728.
[40] J. Calbo, M.J. Golomb, A. Walsh, J. Mater. Chem. A 7 (2019) 16571-16597.
[41] S. Jin, ACS Energy Lett. 4(2019) 1443-1445.
[42] P.-Q. Liao, J.-Q. Shen, J.-P. Zhang, Coord. Chem. Rev. 373(2018) 22-48.
[43] L. Sun, M.G. Campbell, M. Dincă, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55(2016) 3566-3579.
[44] X.F. Lu, B.Y. Xia, S.-Q. Zang, X.W. Lou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(2020) 4634-4650.
[45] Z. Liang, C. Qu, D. Xia, R. Zou, Q. Xu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57(2018) 9604-9633.
[46] A. Radwan, H. Jin, D. He, S. Mu, Nano-Micro Lett. 13(2021) 132.
[47] H. Zhong, M. Wang, G. Chen, R. Dong, X. Feng, ACS Nano 16 (2022) 1759-1780.
[48] L. Han, J. Xu, Y. Huang, W. Dong, X. Jia, Chin. Chem. Lett. 32(2021) 2263-2268.
[49] L. Fan, Z. Kang, M. Li, D. Sun, Dalton Trans. 50(2021) 5732-5753.
[50] C. Li, H. Zhang, M. Liu, F.-F. Lang, J.Pang, X.-H. Bu, Indust. Chem. Mater. 1(2023) 9-38.
[51] M. Tahir, L. Pan, F. Idrees, X. Zhang, L. Wang, J.-J. Zou, Z.L. Wang, Nano Energy 37 (2017) 136-157.
[52] C. Guo, Y. Zheng, J. Ran, F. Xie, M. Jaroniec, S.-Z. Qiao, Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 56(2017) 8539-8543.
[53] I. Roger, M.A. Shipman, M.D. Symes, Nat. Rev. Chem. 1 (2017) 0 0 03.
[54] Q. Yin, J.M. Tan, C. Besson, Y.V. Geletii, D.G. Musaev, A.E. Kuznetsov, Z. Luo, K.I. Hardcastle, C.L. Hill, Science 328 (2010) 342-345.
[55] P. Zhou, J. Lv, X. Huang, Y. Lu, G. Wang, Coord. Chem. Rev. 478(2023) 214969.
[56] R. Zhang, L. Zhu, B. Yue, Chin. Chem. Lett. 34(2023) 108009.
[57] Q. Song, J. Li, S. Wang, J. Liu, X. Liu, L. Pang, H. Li, H. Liu, Small 15 (2019) 1903395.
[58] Y. Pan, K. Sun, Y. Lin, X. Cao, Y. Cheng, S. Liu, L. Zeng, W.-C. Cheong, D. Zhao, K. Wu, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, D. Wang, Q. Peng, C. Chen, Y. Li, Nano Energy 56 (2019) 411-419.
[59] A. Peles, M. Shao, L. Protsailo, Catalysts 5 (2015) 1193-1201.
[60] J. Zhou, Z. Han, X. Wang, H. Gai, Z. Chen, T. Guo, X. Hou, L. Xu, X. Hu, M. Huang, S.V. Levchenko, H. Jiang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(2021) 2102066.
[61] F. Cheng, Z. Li, L. Wang, B. Yang, J. Lu, L. Lei, T. Ma, Y. Hou, Mater. Horiz. 8(2021) 556-564.
[62] W. Li, W. Fang, C. Wu, K.N. Dinh, H. Ren, L. Zhao, C. Liu, Q. Yan, J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020) 3658-3666.
[63] W.-H. Li, J. Lv, Q. Li, J. Xie, N. Ogiwara, Y. Huang, H. Jiang, H. Kitagawa, G. Xu, Y. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 7 (2019) 10431-10438.
[64] K. Maity, K. Bhunia, D. Pradhan, K. Biradha, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 9(2017) 37548-37553.
[65] J. Hu, Q. Xu, X. Wang, X. Huang, C. Zhou, Y. Ye, L. Zhang, H. Pang, Carbon Energy 5 (2023) e315.
[66] F.-L. Li, P.Wang, X. Huang, D.J. Young, H.-F. Wang, P. Braunstein, J.-P. Lang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(2019) 7051-7056.
[67] J. Li, P. Liu, J. Mao, J. Yan, W. Song, J. Mater. Chem. A 9 (2021) 11248-11254.
[68] Y. Li, Y. Wu, T. Li, M. Lu, Y. Chen, Y. Cui, J. Gao, G. Qian, Carbon Energy 5 (2023) e265.
[69] J. Li, P. Liu, J. Mao, J. Yan, W. Song, J. Mater. Chem. A 9 (2021) 1623-1629.
[70] W. Zhou, D.-D. Huang, Y.-P. Wu, J. Zhao, T. Wu, J. Zhang, D.-S. Li, C. Sun, P. Feng, X. Bu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(2019) 4227-4231.
[71] S. Zhao, Y. Wang, J. Dong, C.-T. He, H. Yin, P. An, K. Zhao, X. Zhang, C. Gao, L. Zhang, J. Lv, J. Wang, J. Zhang, A.M. Khattak, N.A. Khan, Z. Wei, J. Zhang, S. Liu, H. Zhao, Z. Tang, Nat. Energy 1 (2016) 16184.
[72] Y. He, F. Yan, X. Zhang, C. Zhu, Y. Zhao, B. Geng, S. Chou, Y. Xie, Y. Chen, Adv. Energy Mater. 13(2023) 2204177.
[73] F. Hu, D. Yu, W.-J. Zeng, Z.-Y. Lin, S. Han, Y. Sun, H. Wang, J. Ren, S.-F. Hung, L. Li, S. Peng, Adv. Energy Mater. 13(2023) 2301224.
[74] J. Xu, X.-X. Xue, G.Shao, C. Jing, S. Dai, K. He, P. Jia, S. Wang, Y. Yuan, J. Luo, J. Lu, Nat. Commun. 14(2023) 7849.
[75] Z. Xiao, C. Xie, Y. Wang, R. Chen, S. Wang, J. Energy Chem. 53(2021) 208-225.
[76] Z. Xue, K. Liu, Q. Liu, Y. Li, M. Li, C.-Y. Su, N.Ogiwara, H. Kobayashi, H. Kita-gawa, M. Liu, G. Li, Nat. Commun. 10(2019) 5048.
[77] J. Zhou, F. Qiao, Z. Ren, X. Hou, Z. Chen, S. Dai, G. Su, Z. Cao, H. Jiang, M. Huang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 34(2024) 2304380.
[78] D. Sun, L.W. Wong, H.Y. Wong, K.H. Lai, L. Ye, X. Xv, T.H. Ly, Q. Deng, J. Zhao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62(2023) e202216008.
[79] Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, C. Zhang, F. Meng, J. Zhao, X. Li, J. Hu, Appl. Catal. A-Gen. 683(2024) 119851.
[80] Q. Qi, J. Tai, J. Hu, Z. Zhang, L. Dai, H. Song, M. Shao, C. Zhang, L. Zhang, ChemCatChem 13 (2021) 4 976-4 984.
[81] Q. Qi, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, F. Liu, R. Liu, J. Hu, J. Phys. Chem. C 128 (2024) 1936-1945.
[82] C. Zhang, Q. Qi, Y. Mei, J. Hu, M. Sun, Y. Zhang, B. Huang, L. Zhang, S. Yang, Adv. Mater. 35(2023) 2208904.
[83] H. Meng, Y. Han, C. Zhou, Q. Jiang, X. Shi, C. Zhan, R. Zhang, Small Meth. 4 (2020) 20 0 0396.
[84] C. Li, L. Shi, L. Zhang, P. Chen, J. Zhu, X. Wang, Y. Fu, J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020) 369-379.
[85] D. Xing, Y. Wang, P. Zhou, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, P. Wang, Z. Zheng, H. Cheng, Y. Dai, B. Huang, Appl. Catal. B 278 (2020) 119295.
[86] Q. Qi, J. Hu, S. Guo, H. Song, S. Wang, Y. Yao, T. Le, W. Li, C. Zhang, L. Zhang, Appl. Catal. B 299 (2021) 120637.
[87] H. Jia, Y. Yao, J. Zhao, Y. Gao, Z. Luo, P. Du, J. Mater. Chem. A 6 (2018) 1188-1195.
[88] X.-H. Liu, Y.-W. Yang, X.-M. Liu, Q. Hao, L.-M. Wang, B. Sun, J. Wu, D. Wang, Langmuir 36 (2020) 7528-7532.
[89] B. Zhang, Y. Luo, D. Xiang, J. Qin, K. Miao, X. Wang, X. Kang, Y. Tian, Adv. Funct. Mater. 33(2023) 2214529.
[90] A. Kumar, M. Gil-Sepulcre, J.P. Fandré, O. Rüdiger, M.G. Kim, S. DeBeer, H. Tüysüz, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 146(2024) 32953-32964.
[91] Z. Lei, W. Cai, Y. Rao, K. Wang, Y. Jiang, Y. Liu, X. Jin, J. Li, Z. Lv, S. Jiao, W. Zhang, P. Yan, S. Zhang, R. Cao, Nat. Commun. 13(2022) 24.
[92] J. Zhu, L. Hu, P. Zhao, L.Y.S.Lee, K.-Y. Wong, Chem. Rev. 120(2020) 851-918.
[93] J.B. Zimmerman, P.T. Anastas, H.C. Erythropel, W. Leitner, Science 367 (2020) 397-400.
[94] Z. Jia, T. Yang, L. Sun, Y. Zhao, W. Li, J. Luan, F. Lyu, L.-C. Zhang, J.J. Kruzic, J.-J. Kai, J.C. Huang, J. Lu, C.T. Liu, Adv. Mater. 32 (2020) 20 0 0385.
[95] H. Jin, C. Guo, X. Liu, J. Liu, A. Vasileff, Y. Jiao, Y. Zheng, S.-Z. Qiao, Chem.Rev. 118(2018) 6337-6408.
[96] Y. Yan, T. He, B. Zhao, K. Qi, H. Liu, B.Y. Xia, J. Mater. Chem. A 6 (2018) 15905-15926.
[97] J. Wang, Z. Zhang, H. Song, B. Zhang, J. Liu, X. Shai, L. Miao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(2021) 2008578.
[98] M.-Q. Wang, C.Ye, H. Liu, M. Xu, S.-J. Bao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57(2018) 1963-1967.
[99] B. Geng, F. Yan, X. Zhang, Y. He, C. Zhu, S.-L. Chou, X.Zhang, Y. Chen, Adv. Mater. 33(2021) 2106781.
[100] L. Qi, Y.-Q. Su, Z. Xu, G. Zhang, K. Liu, M. Liu, E.J.M. Hensen, R.Y.-Y. Lin, J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020) 22974-22982.
[101] Y. Sun, S. Ding, S. Xu, J. Duan, S. Chen, J. Power Sources 494 (2021) 229733.
[102] Y.-H. Xiao, W. Tian, S. Jin, Z.-G. Gu, J. Zhang, Small 16 (2020) 2005111.
[103] Y. Xu, S. Yu, T. Ren, S. Liu, Z. Wang, X. Li, L. Wang, H. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 12(2020) 34728-34735.
[104] H. Zhang, H. Guo, J. Ren, X. Jin, X. Li, R. Song, Chem. Eng. J. 426(2021) 131300.
[105] X. Xu, H.-C. Chen, L. Li, M. Humayun, X. Zhang, H. Sun, D.P. Debecker, W. Zhang, L. Dai, C. Wang, ACS Nano 17 (2023) 10906-10917.
[106] W. Cheng, H. Zhang, D. Luan, X.W. Lou, Sci. Adv. 7 (2021) eabg2580.
[107] J. Wang, S. Xin, Y. Xiao, Z. Zhang, Z. Li, W. Zhang, C. Li, R. Bao, J. Peng, J. Yi, S. Chou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61(2022) e202202518.
[108] H. Su, S. Song, N. Li, Y. Gao, P. Li, L. Ge, T. Ma, Adv. Energy Mater. 13(2023) 2301547.
[109] D. Liu, Y. Zhao, C. Wu, W. Xu, S. Xi, M. Chen, L. Yang, Y. Zhou, Q. He, X. Li, B. Ge, L. Song, J. Jiang, Q. Yan, Nano Energy 98 (2022) 107296.
[110] B. Cui, C. Wang, S. Huang, L. He, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Du, J. Colloid Interf.Sci. 578(2020) 10-23.
[111] H. Huang, Y. Zhao, Y. Bai, F. Li, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, Adv. Sci. 7 (2020) 20 0 0 012.
[112] X. Deng, S.-L. Zheng, Y.-H. Zhong, J. Hu, L.-H. Chung, J. He, Coord. Chem. Rev. 450(2022) 214235.
[113] X. Huang, H. Yao, Y. Cui, W. Hao, J. Zhu, W. Xu, D. Zhu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 9(2017) 40752-40759.
[114] C.A. Downes, A.J. Clough, K. Chen, J.W. Yoo, S.C. Marinescu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 10(2018) 1719-1727.
[115] H. Yao, X. Huang, S. Li, W. Xu, J. Zhu, J. Mater. Chem. C 11 (2023) 7989- 7994.
[116] J. Dong, X. Chen, L. Wang, S. Wang, Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, Small 19 (2023) 2302913.
[117] J. Dong, K. Chi, Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, Small 20 (2024) 2404808.
[118] K. Chen, C.A. Downes, E. Schneider, J.D. Goodpaster, S.C. Marinescu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 13(2021) 16384-16395.
[119] Z. Chen, Y. Cui, C. Ye, L. Liu, X. Wu, Y. Sun, W. Xu, D. Zhu, Chem. Eur. J. 26(2020) 12868-12873.
[120] L. Tang, Q.-C. Lin, Z.Jiang, J. Hu, Z. Liu, W.-M. Liao, H.-Q. Zhou, L.-H. Chung, Z. Xu, L. Yu, J. He, Adv. Funct. Mater. 33(2023) 2214450.
[121] H. Zhong, S. Chen, Z. Jiang, J. Hu, J. Dong, L.-H. Chung, Q.-C. Lin, W. Ou, L. Yu, J. He, Small 19 (2023) 2207266.
[122] H. Zhong, Z. Jiang, J. Hu, L.-H. Chung, J.He, Chem. Commun. 60(2024) 7578-7581.
[123] F. Cheng, X. Peng, L. Hu, B. Yang, Z. Li, C.-L. Dong, J.-L. Chen, L.-C. Hsu, L. Lei, Q. Zheng, M. Qiu, L. Dai, Y. Hou, Nat. Commun. 13(2022) 6486.
[124] C. Liu, Z. Wei, M. Cao, R. Cao, Nano Res. 17 (2024) 4 844-4 84 9.
[125] B. Lv, X. Li, K. Guo, J. Ma, Y. Wang, H. Lei, F. Wang, X. Jin, Q. Zhang, W. Zhang, R. Long, Y. Xiong, U.-P. Apfel, R.Cao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(2021) 12742-12746.
[126] A. Kulkarni, S. Siahrostami, A. Patel, J.K. Nørskov, Chem. Rev. 118(2018) 2302-2312.
[127] H. Zhong, K.H. Ly, M. Wang, Y. Krupskaya, X. Han, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, V. Kataev, B. Büchner, I.M. Weidinger, S. Kaskel, P. Liu, M. Chen, R. Dong, X. Feng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(2019) 10677-10682.
[128] J. Mao, L. Yang, P. Yu, X. Wei, L. Mao, Electrochem. Commun. 19(2012) 29-31.
[129] X.-H. Liu, W.-L. Hu, W.-J. Jiang, Y.-W. Yang, S. Niu, B. Sun, J. Wu, J.-S. Hu, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 9(2017) 28473-28477.
[130] M. Wang, X. Dong, Z. Meng, Z. Hu, Y.-G. Lin, C.-K. Peng, H. Wang, C.-W. Pao, S. Ding, Y. Li, Q. Shao, X. Huang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(2021) 11190-11195.
[131] H. Wang, X. Zhang, F. Yin, W. Chu, B. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020) 22111-22123.
[132] R. Iqbal, S. Ali, G. Yasin, S. Ibraheem, M. Tabish, M. Hamza, H. Chen, H. Xu, J. Zeng, W. Zhao, Chem. Eng. J. 430(2022) 132642.
[133] K. Dong, J. Liang, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Xu, S. Sun, Y. Luo, T. Li, Q. Liu, N. Li, B. Tang, A.A. Alshehri, Q. Li, D. Ma, X. Sun, ACS Catal. 12(2022) 6092-6099.
[134] M. Liu, H. Su, W. Cheng, F. Yu, Y. Li, W. Zhou, H. Zhang, X. Sun, X. Zhang, S. Wei, Q. Liu, Small 18 (2022) 2202248.
[135] M. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Qi, H. Su, W. Cheng, W. Zhou, H. Zhang, X. Sun, X. Zhang, Y. Xu, Y. Jiang, Q. Liu, S. Wei, J. Phys. Chem.Lett. 12(2021) 8706-8712.
[136] L. Wei, M.D. Hossain, G. Chen, G.A. Kamat, M.E. Kreider, J. Chen, K. Yan, Z. Bao, M. Bajdich, M.B. Stevens, T.F. Jaramillo, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 146(2024) 13377-13390.
[137] Y. Lian, W. Yang, C. Zhang, H. Sun, Z. Deng, W. Xu, L. Song, Z. Ouyang, Z. Wang, J. Guo, Y. Peng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(2020) 286-294.
[138] M.O. Cichocka, Z. Liang, D. Feng, S. Back, S. Siahrostami, X. Wang, L. Samperisi, Y. Sun, H. Xu, N. Hedin, H. Zheng, X. Zou, H.-C. Zhou, Z.Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142(2020) 15386-15395.
[139] E.M. Miner, S. Gul, N.D. Ricke, E. Pastor, J. Yano, V.K. Yachandra, T. Van Voorhis, M. Dincă, ACS Catal. 7(2017) 7726-7731.
[140] X. Sun, Y. Li, H. Su, X. Zhang, Y. Xu, W. Zhou, M. Liu, W. Cheng, Q. Liu, Appl. Catal. B 317 (2022) 121706.
[141] J. Yang, W. Liu, M. Xu, X. Liu, H. Qi, L. Zhang, X. Yang, S. Niu, D. Zhou, Y. Liu, Y. Su, J.-F. Li, Z.-Q. Tian, W. Zhou, A. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143(2021) 14530-14539.
[142] F.N.Al-Rowaili, A.Jamal, M.S. Ba Shammakh, A. Rana, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6(2018) 15895-15914.
[143] S. Ren, D. Joulié, D. Salvatore, K. Torbensen, M. Wang, M. Robert, C.P. Berlinguette, Science 365 (2019) 367-369.
[144] W. Zhang, Y. Hu, L. Ma, G. Zhu, Y. Wang, X. Xue, R. Chen, S. Yang, Z. Jin, Adv. Sci. 5(2018) 1700275.
[145] T. Zheng, K. Jiang, H. Wang, Adv. Mater. 30(2018) 1802066.
[146] A. Vasileff, Y. Zheng, S.Z. Qiao, Adv. Energy Mater. 7(2017) 1700759.
[147] H. Zhong, M. Ghorbani-Asl, K.H. Ly, J. Zhang, J. Ge, M. Wang, Z. Liao, D. Makarov, E. Zschech, E. Brunner, I.M. Weidinger, J. Zhang, A.V.Krashenin-nikov, S.Kaskel, R. Dong, X. Feng, Nat. Commun. 11(2020) 1409.
[148] L. Majidi, A. Ahmadiparidari, N. Shan, S.N. Misal, K. Kumar, Z. Huang, S. Raste-gar, Z.Hemmat, X. Zou, P. Zapol, J. Cabana, L.A. Curtiss, A. Salehi-Khojin, Adv. Mater. 33(2021) 2004393.
[149] J. Liu, D. Yang, Y. Zhou, G. Zhang, G. Xing, Y. Liu, Y. Ma, O. Terasaki, S. Yang, L. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(2021) 14473-14479.
[150] Y. Liu, S. Li, L. Dai, J. Li, J. Lv, Z. Zhu, A. Yin, P. Li, B. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(2021) 16409-16415.
[151] Y. Zhang, L.-Z. Dong, S.Li, X. Huang, J.-N. Chang, J.-H. Wang, J. Zhou, S.-L. Li, Y.-Q. Lan, Nat. Commun. 12(2021) 6390.
[152] X. Kang, L. Li, A. Sheveleva, X. Han, J. Li, L. Liu, F. Tuna, E.J.L.McInnes, B.Han, S. Yang, M. Schröder, Nat. Commun. 11(2020) 5464.
[153] Y.-Y. Liu, H.-L. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhao, N.-Y. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, ACS Catal. 12(2022) 2749-2755.
[154] Z. Jiang, M. Zhang, X. Chen, B. Wang, W. Fan, C. Yang, X. Yang, Z. Zhang, X. Yang, C. Li, T. Zhou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62(2023) e202311223.
[155] C. Wang, Z. Lv, Y. Liu, L. Dai, R. Liu, C. Sun, W. Liu, X. Feng, W. Yang, B. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63(2024) e202411216.
[156] L.-L. Zhuo, P.Chen, K. Zheng, X.-W. Zhang, J.-X. Wu, D.-Y. Lin, S.-Y. Liu, Z.-S. Wang, J.-Y. Liu, D.-D. Zhou, J.-P. Zhang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61(2022) e202204967.
[157] Y. Yan, E.L. Zeitler, J. Gu, Y. Hu, A.B. Bocarsly, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 135(2013) 14020-14023.
[158] Y. Guo, W. Shi, H. Yang, Q. He, Z. Zeng, J.-y. Ye, X.He, R. Huang, C. Wang, W. Lin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141(2019) 17875-17883.
[159] Y. Zhang, Q. Zhou, Z.-F. Qiu, X.-Y. Zhang, J.-Q. Chen, Y. Zhao, F. Gong, W.-Y. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32(2022) 2203677.
[160] L. Huang, Z. Liu, G. Gao, C. Chen, Y. Xue, J. Zhao, Q. Lei, M. Jin, C. Zhu, Y. Han, J.S. Francisco, X. Lu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145 (2023) 264 4 4-26451.
[161] J.-D. Yi, D.-H. Si, R. Xie, Q. Yin, M.-D. Zhang, Q. Wu, G.-L. Chai, Y.-B. Huang, R. Cao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(2021) 17108-17114.
[162] T.A.Al-Attas, N.N. Marei, X. Yong, N.G. Yasri, V. Thangadurai, G. Shimizu, S. Siahrostami, M.G. Kibria, ACS Catal. 11(2021) 7350-7357.
[163] X. Peng, M. Zhang, H. Qin, J. Han, Y. Xu, W. Li, X.-P. Zhang, W.Zhang, U.-P. Apfel, R. Cao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63(2024) e202401074.
[164] Y. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. Zhang, R. Li, B. Zhao, T. Peng, Adv. Mater. 35(2023) 2210727.
[165] M.R. Smith, C.B. Martin, S. Arumuganainar, A. Gilman, B.E. Koel, M.L. Sarazen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62(2023) e202218208.
[166] Z. Meng, J. Luo, W. Li, K.A. Mirica, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 142(2020) 21656-21669.
[167] J.H. Cho, C. Lee, S.H. Hong, H.Y. Jang, S. Back, M.-g. Seo, M.Lee, H.-K. Min, Y. Choi, Y.J. Jang, S.H. Ahn, H.W. Jang, S.Y. Kim, Adv. Mater. 35(2023) 2208224.
[168] S. Dou, J. Song, S. Xi, Y. Du, J. Wang, Z.-F. Huang, Z.J. Xu, X. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(2019) 4041-4045.
[169] Q. Qi, C. Zhang, J. Hu, Coord. Chem. Rev. 522(2025) 216235.
[170] D. Zhu, M. Qiao, J. Liu, T. Tao, C. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020) 8143-8170.
[171] X. He, F. Yin, H. Wang, B. Chen, G. Li, Chin. J. Catal. 39(2018) 207-227.
[172] S. Yuan, L. Feng, K. Wang, J. Pang, M. Bosch, C. Lollar, Y. Sun, J. Qin, X. Yang, P. Zhang, Q. Wang, L. Zou, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. Fang, J. Li, H.-C. Zhou, Adv.Mater. 30(2018) 1704303.
[173] T. He, X.-J. Kong, J.-R. Li, Acc. Chem. Res. 54(2021) 3083-3094.