Janus-inspired alternating architecture CNF/MXene/ZnFe2O4@PANI composite films with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding and Joule heating

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.029

Abstract

Abstract: With the continuous advancement of electronic devices, flexible thin films with both thermal management functions and excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties have received much attention. Hence, inspired by Janus, a CNF/MXene/ZnFe₂O₄@PANI composite film with an asymmetric gradient alternating structure was successfully prepared by adjusting the filler content of the conductive and magnetic layers using a vacuum-assisted filtration method. Benefiting from the magnetic resonance and hysteresis loss of ZnFe₂O₄@PANI, conductive loss and dipole polarization of MXene, as well as the exclusive “absorption-reflection-reabsorption” shielding feature in the alternating multilayered films, CM&CZFP-4 G film has superior EMI shielding performance, with an EMI SE of up to 45.75 dB and shielding effectiveness of 99.99 %. Surprisingly, the composite film maintains reliable EMI shielding properties even after prolonged erosion in harsh environments such as high/low temperatures, high humidity, acids and alkalis. Furthermore, the CM&CZFP-4 G responded quickly within about 50 s and reached a maximum steady-state temperature of 235.8 °C at an applied voltage of 9.0 V, indicating the obtained film acquired outstanding and controllable Joule heating performance. This result was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of MXene to build up a conductive network and endow the CNF/MXene with high conductivity. Meanwhile, the fire resistance of CM&CZFP-4 G was significantly improved compared to pure CNF, which guaranteed fire safety during its application. Additionally, contributed by long fiber entanglement of CNF, extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions and multilayer structural design, the CM&CZFP-4 G film exhibits excellent mechanical characteristics, with the tensile strength and fracture strain of 27.74 MPa and 6.21 %, separately. This work offers a creative avenue to prepare multifunctional composite films with electromagnetic shielding and Joule heating for various application environments.

Key words: MXene, Asymmetric, Alternating architecture, Electromagnetic interference shielding, Joule heating

Lian Yin, Jiale Zhang, Jianjian Luo, Yongqian Shi, Bin Yu, Sheng Zhang, Keqing Zhou. Janus-inspired alternating architecture CNF/MXene/ZnFe₂O₄@PANI composite films with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding and Joule heating[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 223: 285-286.

References

[1] T. Yang, J. Zong, D. Jia, L. Xu, Y. Wang, L. Jia, D. Yan, J. Lei, Z. Li, Chem. Eng. J. 489(2024) 151360, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.151360.
[2] Y. Ge, L. Wang, B. Hu, H. Lu, Y. Shao, Compos. Sci. Technol. 251(2024) 110582, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110582.
[3] Z. Xu, J. Chen, G. Wang, Y. Zhao, B. Shen, W. Zheng, Compos. Sci. Technol. 249(2024) 110512, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110512.
[4] C. Liang, Q. Huo, J. Qi, Y. Zhang, C. Liu, Y. Liu, J. Gu, Adv. Funct. Mater. (2024) 2409146, doi: 10.1002/adfm.202409146.
[5] Y. Han, K. Ruan, J. Gu, Nano Res 15 (2022) 4747-4755, doi: 10.1007/s12274-022-4159;z.
[6] R. Verma, P. Thakur, A. Chauhan, R. Jasrotia, A. Thakur, Carbon 208 (2023) 170-190, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.03.050.
[7] R. Chang, P. Hao, H. Qu, J. Xu, J. Ma, J. Colloid.Interface Sci. 654(2024) 437-445, doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.061.
[8] J. Li, C. Liang, J. Hu, C. Lin, Y. Liang, D. Dong, Carbon 216 (2024) 118567, doi: 10. 1016/j.carbon.2023.118567.
[9] Z. Cai, Y. Ma, M. Yun, M. Wang, Z. Tong, J. Suhr, L. Xiao, S. Jia, X. Chen, Compos. Part B;Eng. 251(2023) 110477, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110477.
[10] J. Dong, Y. Feng, K. Lin, B. Zhou, F. Su, C. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 34(2024) 2310774, doi: 10.1002/adfm.202310774.
[11] T. Ma, Y. Zhang, K. Ruan, H. Guo, M. He, X. Shi, Y. Guo, J. Kong, J. Gu, InfoMat 6 (2024) e12568, doi: 10.1002/inf2.12568.
[12] Y. Zhang, K. Ruan, Y. Guo, J. Gu, Adv. Photonics Res. 4(2023) 2300224, doi: 10.1002/adpr.202300224.
[13] F. Xie, F. Jia, L. Zhuo, Z. Lu, L. Si, J. Huang, M. Zhang, Q. Ma, Nanoscale 11 (2019) 23382-23391, doi: 10.1039/C9NR07331K.
[14] B. Li, N. Wu, Y. Yang, F. Pan, C. Wang, G. Wang, L. Xiao, W. Liu, J. Liu, Z. Zeng, Adv. Funct. Mater. 33(2023) 2213357, doi: 10.1002/adfm.202213357.
[15] Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, K. Ruan, H. Guo, M. He, H. Qiu, J. Gu, Sci. Bull. 69(2024) 2776-2792, doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.07.009.
[16] C. Liu, C. Jiang, Y. Shen, B. Zhou, C. Liu, Y. Feng, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16 (2024) 38620-38630, doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c09426.
[17] M. Ma, W. Shao, Q. Chu, W. Tao, S. Chen, Y. Shi, H. He, Y. Zhu, X. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 12 (2024) 1617-1628, doi: 10.1039/D3TA06467K.
[18] Y. Zhou, J. Sun, Z. Li, B. Zhou, C. Liu, Y. Feng, Compos. Sci. Technol. 256(2024) 110746, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110746.
[19] Y. Zhang, K. Ruan, K. Zhou, J. Gu, Adv. Mater. 35(2023) 2211642, doi: 10.1002/adma.202211642.
[20] B. Wen, X. Wang, Y. Zhang, Compos. Sci. Technol. 169(2019) 127-134, doi: 10. 1016/j.compscitech.2018.11.013.
[21] X. Zheng, J. Tang, L. Cheng, H. Yang, L. Zou, C. Li, J. Alloy. Compd. 934(2023) 167964, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167964.
[22] J. Peng, J. Guo, S. Lv, X. Jiang, Compos. Commun. 35(2022) 101316, doi: 10.1016/j.coco.2022.101316.
[23] Y. Li, B. Xue, S. Yang, Z. Cheng, L. Xie, Q. Zheng, Chem. Eng. J. 410(2021) 128356, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.128356.
[24] B. Zhou, Z. Zhang, Y. Li, G. Han, Y. Feng, B. Wang, D. Zhang, J. Ma, C. Liu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 (2020) 4895-4905, doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b19768.
[25] M. Yuan, Y. Fei, H. Zhang, B. Qiu, L. Shen, X. He, M. Liang, S. Zhou, Y. Chen, H. Zou, Compos. Part B;Eng. 233(2022) 109622, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109622.
[26] D. Lai, X. Chen, G. Wang, X. Xu, Y. Wang, Carbon 188 (2022) 513-522, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.047.
[27] W. Yu, G. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Xu, D. Yan, H. Huang, J. Tang, J. Xu, Z. Li, Chem. Eng. J. 373(2019) 556-564, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.074.
[28] T. Wang, W. Kong, W. Yu, J. Gao, K. Dai, D. Yan, Z. Li, Nano;Micro Lett 13 (2021) 1-14, doi: 10.1007/s40820-021-00693-5.
[29] A. Sheng, W. Ren, Y. Yang, D. Yan, H. Duan, G. Zhao, Y. Liu, Z. Li, Compos. Part A;Appl. Sci. Manuf. 129(2020) 105692, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105692.
[30] Y. Zhang, Z. Ma, K. Ruan, J. Gu, Nano Res 15 (2022) 5601-5609, doi: 10.1007/s12274-022-4358-7.
[31] X. Han, S. Ding, L. Fan, Y. Zhou, S. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 9 (2021) 18614; 18622, doi: 10.1039/D1TA04991G.
[32] R. Cheng, B. Wang, J. Zeng, J. Li, J. Xu, W. Gao, K. Chen, Carbon 202 (2023) 314-324, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.10.079.
[33] K. Zhou, L. Yin, K. Gong, Q. Wu, Chem. Eng. J. 464(2023) 142616, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142616.
[34] R. Sun, H.B. Zhang, J. Liu, X. Xie, R. Yang, Y. Li, S. Hong, Z.Z. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(2017) 1702807, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201702807.
[35] R. Zhang, C. Zhao, J. Yu, Z. Chen, J. Jiang, K. Zeng, L. Cai, Z. Yang, Adv. Powder Technol. 33(2022) 103348, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.10.040.
[36] X. Song, H. Wang, S. Jin, M. Lv, Y. Zhang, X. Kong, H. Xu, T. Ma, X. Luo, H. Tan, Nano Res 13 (2020) 1659-1667, doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-2789-6.
[37] D. He, M. Cai, H. Yan, Q. Lin, X. Fan, L. Zhang, M. Zhu, Tribol. Int. 163(2021) 107196, doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107196.
[38] F. Wang, W. Zhou, Y. He, Y. Lv, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Compos. Part A;Appl. Sci. Manuf. 181(2024) 108129, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108129.
[39] Y. Sun, D. Shao, C. Chen, S. Yang, X. Wang, Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(2013) 9904-9910, doi: 10.1021/es401174n.
[40] D. Lei, J. Xue, Q. Bi, C. Tang, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 578(2022) 151940, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151940.
[41] L. Hou, R. Bao, D. Kionga Denis, X. Sun, J. Zhang, F. Uz Zaman, C. Yuan, Electrochim. Acta 306 (2019) 198-208, doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.121.
[42] K. Wang, Y. Huang, D. Wang, Y. Zhao, M. Wang, X. Chen, X. Qin, S. Li, RSC Adv. 5(2015) 107247-107253, doi: 10.1039/C5RA21436J.
[43] Y. Chen, P. Zhu, M. Duan, J. Li, Z. Ren, P. Wang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 486(2019) 198-211, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.232.
[44] F. Li, W. Zhan, Y. Su, S.H. Siyal, G. Bai, W. Xiao, A. Zhou, G. Sui, X. Yang, Compos. Part A;Appl. Sci. Manuf. 133(2020) 105866, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105866.
[45] X. Wang, Q. Zheng, Y. Zheng, M. Cao, Carbon 206 (2023) 124-141, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.02.012.
[46] Z. Guo, P. Ren, F. Yang, T. Wu, L. Zhang, Z. Chen, F. Ren, Compos. Part B;Eng. 263(2023) 110863, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110863.
[47] H. Zhao, T. Gao, J. Yun, L. Chen, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 191(2024) 23-32, doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.12.035.
[48] T. Mai, L. Chen, P. Wang, Q. Liu, M. Ma, Nano;Micro Lett 16 (2024) 169, doi: 10. 1007/s40820-024-01386-5.
[49] M. Ma, X. Liao, Q. Chu, S. Chen, Y. Shi, H. He, X. Wang, Compos. Sci. Technol. 226(2022) 109540, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109540.
[50] C. Luo, M. Huang, C. Sun, K. Zhao, H. Guo, M. Wang, Mater. Today Phys. 44(2024) 101440, doi: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101440.
[51] W. Cao, F. Chen, Y. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Jiang, M. Ma, F. Chen, ACS Nano 12 (2018) 4583-4593, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00997.
[52] H. Liu, Z. Cui, L. Luo, Q. Liao, R. Xiong, C. Xu, C. Wen, B. Sa, Chem. Eng. J. 454(2023) 140288, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140288.
[53] S.J. Wang, D.S. Li, L. Jiang, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2019) 1900961, doi: 10.1002/admi.201900961.
[54] H. Xu, D. Liu, Y. Song, Y. Xie, Z. Shi, C. Xiong, Q. Yang, Compos. Sci. Technol. 228(2022) 109679, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109679.
[55] W. Song, X. Guan, L. Fan, W. Cao, C. Wang, Q. Zhao, M. Cao, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 2097-2107, doi: 10.1039/C4TA05939E.
[56] D. Lai, X. Chen, G. Wang, X. Xu, Y. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. C 8 (2020) 8904-8916, doi: 10.1039/D0TC01346C.
[57] H. Cheng, Y. Pan, Q. Chen, R. Che, G. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Shen, X. Liu, Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. 4(2021) 505-513, doi: 10.1007/s42114-021-00224-1.
[58] L. Li, Z. Ma, P. Xu, B. Zhou, Q. Li, J. Ma, C. He, Y. Feng, C. Liu, Compos. Part A;Appl. Sci. Manuf. 139(2020) 106134, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106134.
[59] F. Jia, Z. Lu, S. Li, J. Zhang, Y. Liu, H. Wang, X. Xu, A. Du, D. Guo, N. Yan, Carbon 217 (2024) 118600, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118600.
[60] B. Yuan, C. Bao, X. Qian, L. Song, Q. Tai, K.M. Liew, Y. Hu, Carbon 75 (2014) 178-189, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.051.
[61] Y. Zhang, K. Ruan, J. Gu, Small 17 (2021) 2101951, doi: 10.1002/smll.202101951.
[62] X. Tang, X. Zhao, Y. Lu, S. Li, Z. Zhang, M. Zhu, K. Yao, J. Zheng, H. Chen, Y. Duan, Chem. Eng. J. 480(2024) 148000, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.148000.
[63] L. Liang, P. Xu, Y. Wang, Y. Shang, J. Ma, F. Su, Y. Feng, C. He, Y. Wang, C. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 395(2020) 125209, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125209.
[64] B. Xia, T. Li, M. Chen, S. Wang, W. Dong, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 5(2022) 18664-18669, doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04437.
[65] Y. Yu, P. Yi, W. Xu, X. Sun, G. Deng, X. Liu, J. Shui, R. Yu, Nano;Micro Lett 14 (2022) 77, doi: 10.1007/s40820; 22-00819-3.
[66] P. He, M. Cao, Y. Cai, J. Shu, W. Cao, J. Yuan, Carbon 157 (2020) 80-89, doi: 10. 1016/j.carbon.2019.10.009.
[67] X. Zhang, X. Wang, Z. Lei, L. Wang, M. Tian, S. Zhu, H. Xiao, X. Tang, L. Qu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 (2020) 14459-14467, doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c01182.
[68] M. Ma, W. Tao, X. Liao, S. Chen, Y. Shi, H. He, X. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 452(2023) 139471, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.139471.
[69] J. Dong, Z. Li, C. Liu, B. Zhou, C. Liu, Y. Feng, Nano Res 17 (2024) 5651-5660, doi: 10.1007/s12274-024-6486-8.
[70] Z. Wang, Z. Cheng, L. Xie, X. Hou, C. Fang, Ceram. Int. 47(2021) 5747-5757, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.161.
[71] H. Wang, J. Guo, Y. Lei, W. Chen, Z. Zhang, M. Zhu, H. Xu, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 7(2024) 2100-2109, doi: 10.1021/acsanm.3c05384.
[72] Y. Lee, S.J. Kim, Y. Kim, Y. Lim, Y. Chae, B. Lee, Y. Kim, H. Han, Y. Gogotsi, C.W. Ahn, J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020) 573-581, doi: 10.1039/C9TA07036B.
[73] X. Wang, S. Liao, Y. Wan, P. Zhu, Y. Hu, T. Zhao, R. Sun, C. Wong, J. Mater. Chem. C 10 (2022) 44-72, doi: 10.1039/D1TC04702G.
[74] Z. Ma, S. Kang, J. Ma, L. Shao, A. Wei, C. Liang, J. Gu, B. Yang, D. Dong, L. Wei, ACS Nano 13 (2019) 7578-7590, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00434 .

Janus-inspired alternating architecture CNF/MXene/ZnFe₂O₄@PANI composite films with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding and Joule heating

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Jiangyu Fang, Jian Xu, Peiyuan Zuo, Yukang Zhou, Chuanhao Tang, Jun Qian, Ruoqi Wang, Xiaoyun Liu, Qixin Zhuang. New system for green EMI shielding: Organohydrogel with multi-band green electromagnetic shielding, sensing, and infrared-stealth capacity [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 219(0): 1-9.
[2]	Chouxuan Wang, Zhongguo Zhao, Shengtai Zhou, Lei Wang, Xinyue Liu, Rong Xue. Facile fabrication of densely packed ammoniated alumina/MXene/bacterial cellulose composite films for enhancing thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion performance [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 213(0): 162-173.
[3]	Chi Cao, Jinshuo Li, Linfeng Zhang, Yang Hu, Lin Zhang, Wensheng Yang. MXene-based 2D/2D Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ heterojunction with spatially separated redox sites for efficient photocatalytic N₂ reduction towards NH₃ [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 214(0): 180-193.
[4]	Yue Li, Yuhua Wang, Zichao Xu, Bo Peng, Ngoc Quang Tran, Kuldeep K Saxena, S. Vadivel, Xinghui Liu. MXene-based materials for efficient applications in perovskite solar cells: A review [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 215(0): 214-232.
[5]	Xinyi Wan, Leilei Zhang, Tiantian Wang, Nan Zhang, Hejun Li. Synergistic optimization of multifunctional properties in carbon fiber/phenolic composites by designing array carbon nanotubes structures on the surface of carbon fibers [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 215(0): 233-243.
[6]	Weirui Zhang, Zhongjie He, Jinliang Xie, Fangfang Su, Yangyang Xin, Dongdong Yao, Mingxiang Li, Yudeng Wang, Yaping Zheng. Flexible multifunctional polydimethylsiloxane composites with segregated structure fabricated by hydrophobic interaction for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 220(0): 67-77.
[7]	Gui Yang, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Jingzhan Zhu, Zichao Li, Duo Pan, Fengmei Su, Youxin Ji, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen. Silver nanoparticles bridging liquid metal for wearable electromagnetic interference fabric [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 220(0): 320-328.
[8]	Depeng Meng, Xiaowen Ruan, Minghua Xu, Dongxu Jiao, Guozhen Fang, Yu Qiu, Yueyang Zhang, Haiyan Zhang, Sai Kishore Ravi, Xiaoqiang Cui. An S-scheme artificial photosynthetic system with H-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction coupled with MXene boosts solar H₂ evolution [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 211(0): 22-29.
[9]	Shaohua Zhang, Xiangyang Li, Yanjun Gao, Lijie Li, Lixia Bao, Xin Li. Physicochemical double protection enables stable MXene for high-rate performance hybrid supercapacitors [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 211(0): 89-97.
[10]	Zhenxi Yuan, Weirui Chen, Laisheng Li, Jing Wang. Engineering of 2D MXene-derived nanocomposites for environment-related interdisciplinary applications [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 222(0): 111-141.
[11]	Xueyuan Qiu, Xiao Han, Baorui Dong, Meng Zong, Runtong Zhou, Teng Zhang, Pan Wang, Chang Guo, Hejun Li, Jianhua Hao. Multi-stimulus responsive actuator with weldable and robust MXene-CNTs hybrid films [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 222(0): 164-173.
[12]	Jun Peng, Fangqing Ge, Weiyi Han, Tao Wu, Jinglei Tang, Yuning Li, Chaoxia Wang. MXene-based thermoelectric fabric integrated with temperature and strain sensing for health monitoring [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 212(0): 272-280.
[13]	Chuanyin Xiong, Mengjie Zhao, Tianxu Wang, Jing Han, Yongkang Zhang, Zhao Zhang, Xianglin Ji, Qing Xiong, Yonghao Ni. Recent advances in multidimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) Joule heating devices based on cellulose: Design, structure, application, and perspective [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 205(0): 53-78.
[14]	Ping Song, Zihang Cai, Jiaojiao Li, Mukun He, Hua Qiu, Fang Ren, Yali Zhang, Hua Guo, Penggang Ren. Construction of rGO-MXene@FeNi/epoxy composites with regular honeycomb structures for high-efficiency electromagnetic interference shielding [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 217(0): 311-320.
[15]	Qianqian Hu, Haiyan Yin, Yifan Liu, Abdusalam Ablez, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Yue Zhan, Chengfeng Du, Xiaoying Huang. Tailoring the morphology and charge transfer pathways of ultrathin Cd_0.8Zn_0.2S nanosheets via ionic liquid-modified Ti₃C₂ MXenes towards remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 204(0): 47-59.