Carbon quantum dots and interfacial chemical bond synergistically modulated S-scheme Mn0.5Cd0.5S/BiOBr photocatalyst for efficient water purification

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.07.015

Abstract

Abstract: Devising robust S-scheme photocatalysts is of central importance for achieving high-efficient micropollutant decontamination. However, the conscious optimization of S-scheme system with high performance remains a prime challenge. Herein, carbon quantum dots (CDs) and Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S (MCS) are mounted on BiOBr (BOB) microspheres, establishing an advanced S-scheme heterojunction with interfacial Bi-S bond. The interfacial Bi-S bonds function as superb channels at atomic-scale to abate the energy barrier for S-scheme charge transportation. Meanwhile, CDs serve as electron collectors to preserve highly reductive electrons from MCS, further augmenting the spatial separation of photo-carriers. Therefore, the optimized CDs/MCS/BOB (MBC) heterojunction manifests significantly strengthened tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) destruction activity and its reaction rate constant is approximately 3.1, 2.2, 2.1, and 1.5 folds that than that of MCS, BOB, BOB/CDs and MCS/BOB. In addition, MBC exhibits high stability and significant resistance to environmental interferences. The toxicology evaluation confirms the effective abatement of toxicity of TC after treatment. This achievement demonstrates the benefits of CDs-optimized S-scheme photosystems with chemical bonds for photocatalytic water decontamination.

Key words: Interfacial chemical bond, Carbon quantum dots, S-scheme heterojunction, Internal electric field, Synergistic effect, Photocatalysis

Shijie Li, Changjun You, Qingquan Xue, Yiqian Zhao, Fang Yang, Yanping Liu, Lina Bai, Mingyi Zhang, Chunqiang Zhuang. Carbon quantum dots and interfacial chemical bond synergistically modulated S-scheme Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S/BiOBr photocatalyst for efficient water purification[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 214: 255-265.

References

[1] H. Xu, Y. Jia, Z. Sun, J. Su, Q.S. Liu, Q. Zhou, G. Jiang, Eco-Environ. Health 1 (2022) 31-45.
[2] X. Li, F. He, Z. Wang, B. Xing, Eco-Environ. Health 1 (2022) 181-197.
[3] H. Deng, Y. Tu, H. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Li, L. Chai, W. Zhang, Z. Lin, Eco-Environ. Health 1 (2022) 229-243.
[4] M.S. Bureš, Š. Ukić, M. Cvetnić, V. Prevarić, M. Markić, M. Rogošić, H. Kušić, T. Bolanča, Environ. Pollut. 275(2021) 115885.
[5] B.L.S.Freitas, U.C. Terin, N.M.N.Fava, P.M.F. Maciel, L.A.T. Garcia, R. Medeiros, M.D. Oliveira, P. Fernandez-Ibanez, J.A. Byrne, L.P.S. Paz, Water Res. 208(2022) 117870.
[6] V. Baldasso, H. Lubarsky, N. Pichel, A. Turolla, M. Antonelli, M. Hincapie, L. Botero, F. Reygadas, A. Galdos, J.A. Byrne, P. Fernandez-Ibanez, Water Res. 203(2021) 117496.
[7] M. Kamali, Y. Guo, T.M. Aminabhavi, R. Abbassi, R. Dewil, L. Appels, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 173(2023) 113095.
[8] A.J.d. Santos, H.L. Barazorda-Ccahuana, G. Caballero-Manrique, Y. Chéré-mond, P.J. Espinoza-Montero, J.R. González-Rodríguez, U.J. Jáuregui-Haza, M.R.V. Lanza, A. Nájera, C. Oporto, A.P. Parada, T. Pérez, V.D. Quezada, V. Rojas, V. Sosa, A. Thiam, R.A. Torres-Palma, R. Vargas, S. Garcia-Segura, Nat. Sustain. 6(2023) 349-351.
[9] T. Yu, B. Yang, R. Deng, T. Yang, J. Jiang, J. Mater. Chem. A 12 (2024) 13247-13265.
[10] J.A.Rengifo-Herrera, C.Pulgarin, Chem. Eng. J. 477(2023) 146875.
[11] S. Talwar, A.K. Verma, V. Sangal, U.L. Štangar, Chem. Eng. J. 388(2020) 124184.
[12] J.H. Lee, D.P. Hansora, J.S. Lee, Chem 9 (2023) 1632-1635.
[13] V. Andrei, I. Roh, P. Yang, Sci. Adv. 9 (2023) eade9044.
[14] P.M. Stanley, J. Haimerl, N.B. Shustova, R.A. Fischer, J. Warnan, Nat. Chem. 14(2022) 1342-1356.
[15] E. Nikoloudakis, I. López-Duarte, G. Charalambidis, K. Ladomenou, M. Ince, A.G. Coutsolelos, Chem. Soc. Rev. 51(2022) 6965.
[16] C. Pulignani, C.A. Mesa, S.A.J.Hillman, T. Uekert, S.Giménez, J.R. Durrant, E. Reisner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61(2022) e202211587.
[17] C. Pornrungroj, A.B.M. Annuar, Q. Wang, M. Rahaman, S. Bhattacharjee, V. An-drei, E. Reisner, Nat. Water 1 (2023) 952-960.
[18] H. Nishiyama, T. Yamada, M. Nakabayashi, Y. Maehara, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Kuromiya, Y. Nagatsuma, H. Tokudome, S. Akiyama, T. Watanabe, R. Narushima, S. Okunaka, N. Shibata, T. Takata, T. Hisatomi, K. Domen, Nature 598 (2021) 304-307.
[19] W. Huang, T. Bo, S. Zuo, Y. Wang, J. Chen, S. Ould-Chikh, Y. Li, W. Zhou, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, SusMat 2 (2022) 466-475.
[20] Y. Yang, Y. Zeng, T. Jin, X. Zhang, H. Teng, S. Wang, H. Chen, J. Mater. Sci.Tech-nol. 123(2022) 234-242.
[21] Z. Wang, J. Li, Y. Qiao, X. Liu, Y. Zheng, Z. Li, J. Shen, Y. Zhang, S. Zhu, H. Jiang, Y. Liang, Z. Cui, P.K. Chu, S. Wu, Adv. Fiber Mater. 5(2023) 4 84-4 96.
[22] W. Chong, R. Meng, Z. Liu, Q. Liu, J. Hu, B. Zhu, D.K. Macharia, Z. Chen, L. Zhang, Adv. Fiber Mater. 5(2023) 1063-1075.
[23] Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, D. Zeng, W. Wang, J. Wang, W. Wang, W. Wang, Chin. J. Catal. 43(2022) 2690-2698.
[24] Z. Wei, J. Yan, Y. Zhang, W. Fang, S. Wenfeng, Chem. Eng. J. 483(2024) 149267.
[25] S. Sarkar, N.T. Ponce, A. Banerjee, R. Bandopadhyay, S. Rajendran, E. Lichtfouse, Environ. Chem. Lett. 18(2020) 1569-1580.
[26] T.D. Minh, J. Song, A. Deb, L. Cha, V. Srivastava, M. Sillanpää, Chem. Eng. J. 394(2020) 124856.
[27] A. Gómez-Avilés, M. Peñas-Garzón, J. Bedia, J.J.Rodríguez D.D.Dionysiou, C. Belver, Appl. Catal. B 253 (2019) 253-262.
[28] V. Thakur, S. Singh, P. Kumar, S. Rawat, V.C. Srivastava, S.-L. Lo, U.L. Štangar, Chem. Eng. J. 475(2023) 146100.
[29] L. Jiao, H.-L. Jiang, Chin.J. Catal. 45(2023) 1-5.
[30] W. Huang, Acc. Mater. Res. 4(2023) 373-384.
[31] A. Šuligoj, R.C. Korošec, G. Žerjav, N.N. Tušar, U.L. Štangar, Topics Curr. Chem. 380(2022) 51.
[32] Z. Wang, Z. Sun, H. Yin, H. Wei, Z. Peng, Y.X. Pang, G. Jia, H. Zhao, C.H. Pang, Z. Yin, eScience 3 (2023) 100136.
[33] J. Xiang, J. Li, X. Yang, S. Gao, R. Cao, Acta Phys.-Chim.Sin. 39(2023) 2205039.
[34] Y. Sun, J.E. Szulejko, K.-H. Kim, V.Kumar, X. Li, Chin. J. Catal. 55(2023) 20-43.
[35] C. Zhuang, Y. Chang, W. Li, S. Li, P. Xu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Gao, G. Chen, T. Zhang, Z. Kang, X. Han, ACS Nano 18 (2024) 5206-5217.
[36] J. Bai, R. Shen, G. Liang, C. Qin, D. Xu, H. Hu, X. Li, Chin. J. Catal. 59(2024) 225-236.
[37] J.-W. Yoon, J.-H. Kim, C. Kim, H.W. Jang, J.-H. Lee, Adv. Energy Mater. 11(2021) 2003052.
[38] V. Selvaraj, W.-J. Ong, A.Pandikumar, Coord. Chem. Rev. 464(2022) 214541.
[39] Y. Li, J. Ma, L. Xu, T. Liu, T. Xiao, D. Chen, Z. Song, J. Qiu, Y. Zhang, Adv. Sci. 10(2023) 2207514.
[40] T. Han, X. Cao, H.-C. Chen, J.Ma, Y. Yu, Y. Li, W. Xu, K. Sun, A. Huang, Z. Chen, C. Chen, H. Zhang, B. Ye, Q. Peng, Y. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62(2023) e202313325.
[41] Z. Luo, X. Ye, S. Zhang, S. Xue, C. Yang, Y. Hou, W. Xing, R. Yu, J. Sun, Z. Yu, X. Wang, Nat. Commun. 13(2022) 2230.
[42] M. Shi, G. Li, J. Li, X. Jin, X. Tao, Z. Bin, E.A. Pidko, R. Li, C. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 132(2020) 6652-6657.
[43] D. Liu, D. Chen, N. Li, Q. Xu, H. Li, J. He, J. Lu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(2020) 4519-4524.
[44] H. Teymourinia, L. Sánchez, F. Mollaie, M. Ghalkhani, A. Ramazani, L.V.Hub-likar, T.M. Aminabhavi, Chem. Eng. J. 480(2024) 148307.
[45] H. Zhu, C. Zhen, X. Chen, S. Feng, B. Li, Y. Du, G. Liu, H.-M. Cheng, Sci.Bull. 67(2022) 2420-2427.
[46] L.-X. Zhang, M.-Y. Qi, Z.-R. Tang, Y.-J. Xu, Research 6 (2023) 0073.
[47] S. Nishioka, K. Hojo, L. Xiao, T. Gao, Y. Miseki, S. Yasuda, T. Yokoi, K. Sayama, T.E. Mallouk, K. Maeda, Sci. Adv. 8 (2022) eadc9115.
[48] V. Andrei, G.M. Ucoski, C. Pornrungroj, C. Uswachoke, Q. Wang, D.S. Achilleos, H. Kasap, K.P. Sokol, R.A. Jagt, H. Lu, T. Lawson, A. Wagner, S.D. Pike, D.S. Wright, R.L.Z. Hoye, J.L. MacManus-Driscoll, H.J. Joyce, R.H. Friend, E. Reis-ner, Nature 608 (2022) 518-522.
[49] X. Sun, L. Li, S. Jin, W. Shao, H. Wang, X. Zhang, Y. Xie, eScience 3 (2023) 10 0 095.
[50] W. Zhou, Q. Jing, J. Li, Y. Chen, G. Hao, L.-N. Wang, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 39(2023) 2211010.
[51] N. Lu, X. Jing, Y. Xu, W. Lu, K. Liu, Z. Zhang, Acta Phys.-Chim.Sin. 39(2023) 2207045.
[52] S. Li, L. Shao, Z. Yang, S. Cheng, C. Yang, Y. Liu, X. Xia, Green Energy Environ. 7(2022) 246-256.
[53] Z. Huang, Q. Zhou, J. Wang, Y. Yu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 112(2022) 68-76.
[54] D.E. Lee, N. Mameda, K.P. Reddy, B.M. Abraham, W.K. Jo, S. Tonda, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 161(2023) 74-87.
[55] S. Li, K. Dong, M. Cai, X. Li, X. Chen, eScience 4 (2024) 100208.
[56] C. Wang, C. You, K. Rong, C. Shen, Y. Fang, S. Li, Acta Phys.-Chim.Sin. 40(2024) 2307045.
[57] W. Shang, W. Liu, X. Cai, J. Hu, J. Guo, C. Xin, Y. Li, N. Zhang, N. Wang, C. Hao, Y. Shi, Adv. Powder Mater. 2 (2023) 10 0 094.
[58] X. Wu, G. Chen, L. Li, J. Wang, G. Wang, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 167(2023) 184-204.
[59] J. Li, Y. Li, X. Wang, Z. Yang, G. Zhang, Chin. J. Catal. 51(2023) 145-156.
[60] A. Wang, L. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Gao, N. Li, G. Lu, L. Ge, Chin. J. Catal. 43(2022) 1295-1305.
[61] X. Gao, N. Yang, J. Feng, J. Liao, S. Hou, X. Ma, D. Su, X. Yu, Z. Yang, J. Safaei, D. Wang, G. Wang, Natl. Sci. Open 2 (2023) 20220037.
[62] W. Xiao, H. Yu, C. Xu, Z. Pu, X. Cheng, F. Yu, C. Liu, Q. Zhang, Z. Zou, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 180(2023) 193-206.
[63] Z. Wei, J. Yan, W. Guo, W. Shangguan, Chin. J. Catal. 48(2023) 279-289.
[64] R. Gao, J. Bai, R. Shen, L. Hao, C. Huang, L. Wang, G. Liang, P. Zhang, X. Li, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 137(2023) 223-231.
[65] T. Yu, B. Yang, R. Zhang, C. Yang, J.Jiang Arramel, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 188(2024) 11-26.
[66] L. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Yu, J. Yu, Adv. Mater. 34(2022) 2107668.
[67] L. Wang, C. Bie, J. Yu, Trends Chem. 4(2022) 973-983.
[68] J. Zhang, L. Wang, M. Mousavi, J. B.Ghasemi, J. Yu, Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 41(2022) 2206003-2206005.
[69] C. Cheng, J. Zhang, B. Zhu, G. Liang, L. Zhang, J. Yu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62(2023) e202218688.
[70] Z. Liang, R. Shen, P. Zhang, Y. Li, N. Li, X. Li, Chin. J. Catal. 43(2022) 2581-2591.
[71] B. He, P. Xiao, S. Wan, J. Zhang, T. Chen, L. Zhang, J. Yu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62(2023) e202313172.
[72] A. Kumar, A. Khosla, S.K. Sharma, P. Dhiman, G. Sharma, L. Gnanasekaran, M. Naushad, F.J. Stadler, Fuel 333 (2023) 126267.
[73] L. Wang, T. Yang, B. Feng, X. Xu, Y. Shen, Z. Li, J. Jiang, Chin. J. Catal. 54(2023) 265-277.
[74] L. Ðorđević, F. Arcudi, M. Cacioppo, M. Prato, Nat. Nanotechnol. 17(2022) 112-130.
[75] H. Luo, Q. Guo, P.Á. Szilágyi, A.B. Jorge, M.-M. Titirici, Trends Chem. 2(2020) 623-637.
[76] D. Saini, A.K. Garg, C. Dalal, S.R. Anand, S.K. Sonkar, A.K. Sonker, G. Westman, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 5(2022) 3087-3109.
[77] G. Murali, J.K.R. Modigunta, S. Park, S. Lee, H. Lee, J. Yeon, H. Kim, Y.H. Park, S.Y. Park, J.R. Durrant, H. Cha, T.K. An, I. In, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 (2021) 34648-34657.
[78] K. Akbar, E. Moretti, A. Vomiero, Adv. Opt. Mater. 9(2021) 2100532.
[79] S. Li, K. Rong, X. Wang, C. Shen, F. Yang, Q. Zhang, Acta Phys.-Chim.Sin. 40(2024) 2403005.
[80] H. Peng, C. Huang, X. Zheng, J. Wen, J. Ind. Eng.Chem. 106(2022) 225-232.
[81] J. Xu, M. Zhang, X. Li, M. Chen, J. Environ. Chem.Eng. 10(2022) 107484.
[82] X. Yang, Y. Guo, Y. Lou, J. Chen, Catal. Sci. Technol. 10(2020) 5298-5305.
[83] Y. Hu, P. Deng, W. Wang, L. Zhang, Y. Hou, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6(2023) 11135-11145.
[84] X. Jiang, H. Gong, Q. Liu, M. Song, C. Huang, Appl. Catal. B 268 (2020) 118439.
[85] M. Zhang, K. Li, C. Hu, K. Ma, W. Sun, X. Huang, Y. Ding, Chin. J. Catal. 47(2023) 254-264.
[86] S. Bai, H. Qiu, M. Song, G. He, F. Wang, Y. Liu, L. Guo, eScience 2 (2022) 428-437.
[87] G. Zhao, W. Ma, X. Wang, Y. Xing, S. Hao, X. Xu, Adv. Powder Mater. 1 (2022) 10 0 0 08.
[88] Z. Han, M. Lv, X. Shi, G. Li, J. Zhao, X. Zhao, Adv. Fiber Mater. 5(2023) 266-281.
[89] T. Yu, H. Guo, J. Yu, C. Yang, J. Jiang, J. Alloy. Compd. 997(2024) 174938.
[90] M. Yang, B. Shi, Y. Tang, H. Lu, G. Wang, S. Zhang, M.T. Sarwar, A. Tang, L. Fu, M. Wu, H. Yang, Inorg. Chem. 62(2023) 2838-2847.
[91] D. Yu, Y. Xiong, H. Wu, P. Yang, H. Shi, L. Huang, Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, P. Xiao, J. Phys. Chem. C 127 (2023) 2340-2348.
[92] J. Wang, T. Zhou, Y. Zhang, L. Li, C. Zhou, J. Bai, J. Li, H. Zhu, B. Zhou, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 45392-45402.
[93] N. Verma, R. Ananthakrishnan, ChemPhotoChem 5 (2021) 545-558.

Carbon quantum dots and interfacial chemical bond synergistically modulated S-scheme Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S/BiOBr photocatalyst for efficient water purification

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Wei Gan, Ruixin Chen, Li Zhang, Jun Guo, Miao Zhang, Yuqing Lu, Zhaoqi Sun, Xucheng Fu. Construction of S-scheme cyano-modified g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ film with boosted charge transfer and highly hydrophilic surface for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 206(0): 74-87.
[2]	Bo Zhang, Kang Li, Renfu Li, Shoufeng Wang, Longtian Kang. Insight into bay-/end-substituted perylene diimide and its S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂ production under visible-light irradiation [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 206(0): 257-268.
[3]	Zhengyu Zhou, Jing Wang, Maierhuban Reheimujiang, Zhiliang Jin. Graphdiyne/hierarchical flower-like Sr₂Co₂O₅ S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 213(0): 241-251.
[4]	Qi Li, Shengchao Yang, Yufan Huang, Yuwei Liang, Chunling Hu, Min Wang, Zhiyong Liu, Yanlong Tai, Jichang Liu, Yongsheng Li. Synthesis of interfacial electric field-enhanced CdS/Cd_xZn_1-_xS/ZnO ternary heterojunction by lye dissolution etching mechanism for photocatalytic H₂ production and CO₂ reduction [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 204(0): 152-165.
[5]	Kavya Kalidasan, Srinivas Mallapur, Bhavana B Kulkarni, Sanjeev P Maradur, Deepak Kumar, R Deeksha, Sakthivel Kandaiah, Prashanth Vishwa, S. Girish Kumar. Gadolinium modified g-C₃N₄ for S-Scheme heterojunction with monoclinic-WO₃: Insights from DFT studies and related charge carrier dynamics [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 204(0): 166-176.
[6]	Liquan Jing, Yuanguo Xu, Meng Xie, Chongchong Wu, Heng Zhao, Jiu Wang, Hui Wang, Yubo Yan, Na Zhong, Huaming Li, Ian D. Gates, Jinguang Hu. LnVO₄ (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, etc.)-based photocatalysts: Synthesis, design, and applications [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 177(0): 10-43.
[7]	Ruyao Chen, Haiyue Zhang, Yuming Dong, Haifeng Shi. Dual metal ions/BNQDs boost PMS activation over copper tungstate photocatalyst for antibiotic removal: Intermediate, toxicity assessment and mechanism [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 170(0): 11-24.
[8]	Fei Xie, Chuanbiao Bie, Jian Sun, Zhenyi Zhang, Bicheng Zhu. A DFT study on Pt single atom loaded COF for efficient photocatalytic CO₂ reduction [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 170(0): 87-94.
[9]	Yanyan Zhao, Xu Fan, Hongxing Zheng, Enzhou Liu, Jun Fan, Xuejun Wang. Bi₂WO₆/AgInS₂ S-scheme heterojunction: Efficient photodegradation of organic pollutant and toxicity evaluation [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 170(0): 200-211.
[10]	Kaihui Huang, Guijie Liang, Shaolong Sun, Haobin Hu, Xiaoming Peng, Rongchen Shen, Xin Li. Interface-induced charge transfer pathway switching of a Cu₂O-TiO₂ photocatalyst from p-n to S-scheme heterojunction for effective photocatalytic H₂ evolution [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 193(0): 98-106.
[11]	Jie Deng, Difa Xu, Jinfeng Zhang, Quanlong Xu, Yun Yang, Zhiyi Wei, Zhi Su. Cs₃Bi₂Br₉/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction for selective oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 180(0): 150-159.
[12]	Jianfei Li, Nuotong Zhang, Degang Li, Yueyun Li, Weimin Zhang, Zengdian Zhao, Shasha Song, Yan Liu, Luchang Qin, Xingliang Bao, Bin Zhang, Wenxin Dai. Construction of medium-entropy alloys coupled Z-Scheme heterojunction and its enhanced photocatalytic performance by regulating mechanism of LSPR effect [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 197(0): 32-45.
[13]	Jiajie Cai, Bowen Liu, Shumin Zhang, Linxi Wang, Zhen Wu, Jianjun Zhang, Bei Cheng. ZnIn₂S₄/MOF S-scheme photocatalyst for H₂ production and its femtosecond transient absorption mechanism [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 197(0): 183-193.
[14]	Xiaofeng Wu, Ningxin Kang, Xiaofang Li, Zhihua Xu, Sónia A.C. Carabineiro, Kangle Lv. 2D/2D layered BiOIO₃/g-C₃N₄ S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic NO oxidation [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 196(0): 40-49.
[15]	Jiayue Liu, Xueying Yang, Xin Guo, Zhiliang Jin. Flowered molybdenum base trimetallic oxide decorated by CdS nanorod construct S-scheme heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 196(0): 112-124.