Near-infrared-II triggered inorganic photodynamic nanomedicines for deep-tissue therapy

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.07.002

Abstract

Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is undoubtedly a cutting-edge strategy for precise tumor therapy because of its unprecedented superiorities, such as negligible long-lasting adverse effects, high spatial and temporal selectivity, and inappreciable drug resistance. While the operation wavelengths of the commonly used photosensitizers (PSs) are located in visible or first near-infrared (NIR-I, 650-900 nm) region. The lights in these regions possess relatively low penetration depth, which makes PDT unsuitable for deep-tissue treatment. Near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) light with high tissue penetration ability can be employed as excitation source for PDT, which provides a promising alternative for precision therapy of deep-seated tumors. However, designing NIR-II activated PSs is in its infancy, and still faces many challenges, such as severe nonradiative relaxation and difficulties in adjusting energy levels. This paper reviews the therapeutic mechanisms of PDT and recent strategies for designing NIR-II activated inorganic PSs. The inorganic NIR-II PSs are classified based on their functions (such as type II PSs, type I PSs, and PSs with specific properties), and their applications for effective and precision deep-tissue treatment are summarized comprehensively. Furthermore, the major issues of applying these PSs in clinical practices are also discussed.

Key words: Photomedicines, Photosensitizers, Photodynamic therapy, Near-infrared-II light, Deep-tissue treatment

Youguang Tang, Jianfeng Feng, Sheng Li, Guoshuai Yang, Ze Tao, Tangxin Xiao, Feng Lu, Beibei Xie, Quli Fan, Qi Wang. Near-infrared-II triggered inorganic photodynamic nanomedicines for deep-tissue therapy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 213: 196-212.

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