J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2025, Vol. 208: 292-306.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.070

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Fine-grained titanium mediates the biointerfacial and bioenergetic remodeling of macrophage for optimized osseointegration

Yingjing Fanga,b,1, Hao Gua,1, Wenyue Yanga,1, Yintao Zhangc, Changgong Land, Binghao Wangd, Min Ruanb,*, Liqiang Wangc,e,**, Yuanfei Fua,f,***   

  1. aDepartment of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, China;
    bDepartments of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China;
    cState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
    dAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise 533000, China;
    eNational Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
    fDepartment of Dental Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
  • Received:2024-03-03 Revised:2024-04-14 Accepted:2024-04-30 Published:2025-02-10 Online:2024-05-21
  • Contact: * No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China. ** No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China. *** No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
  • About author:1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: The remodeling of macrophages mediated by biomaterials is an important step in osseointegration. The biointerfacial characteristics shaped by implants and the bioenergetic state derived from macrophages are considered the key to macrophage reprogramming. In this study, the integrated Ti/Zn composites with optimized morphology and bioactive phase were prepared by friction stir processing, which could meet the multi-biofunctional requirements in the application of narrow-diameter implants. The severe plastic deformation and the hindrance of Zn particles to grain growth promote grain refinement, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties. The cell interfacial adhesion mediated by the grain boundary collaborated the energy metabolism reprogramming induced by the released Zn ion, promoting jointly anti-inflammatory cascade in macrophages and favorable osteogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This study provides a new simultaneous approach of morphology and composition modification for titanium implants, and reveals the important role of grain size and bioactive element in the reversion of macrophage fate as well.

Key words: Grain refinement, Zinc, Immunomodulation, Osseointegration