Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of the one-step finishing of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT.

Fig. 1. Characterization of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT and the control groups of raw CT and PDA-CT. (A) Digital photos and SEM images. (B) ATR-FTIR spectra. (C) EDS mapping. (D) EDS analysis.

Fig. 2. Bacterial anti-adhesion capability of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT. (A) Colony images of bacteria adhered to P(DAM-co-DA)-CT and the control. (B) Statistical amounts of bacteria adhered to P(DAM-co-DA)-CT and the control. Error bars indicate standard deviations (n = 3, *** p < 0.001). (C) Resistance efficiencies of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT against bacterial adhesion. Error bars indicate standard deviations (n = 3). (D) LIVE/DEAD? BacLight? fluorescence assay of bacteria adhered to P(DAM-co-DA)-CT and the control.

Fig. 3. Evaluation of fungal anti-adhesion properties. (A) Illustration of fungal anti-adhesion model. (B-E) Digital photos and (B’-E’) enlarged images of the anti-adhesion effects of raw CT, PDA-CT and P(DAM-co-DA)-CT after culturing A. niger, A. flavus, M. racemosus, and P. chrysogenum in the center of the solid medium for the indicated days, respectively. The dashed lines represent the edges of the test samples. The green arrow indicates where the fungi passed through the edge, while the red arrow indicates where the fungi stopped.

Fig. 4. Safety assays. (A, B) The inhibition zones of raw CT, PDA-CT, and P(DAM-co-DA)-CT against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. (C) Skin irritation and sensitization test of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT and raw CT control according to the ISO 10993.10-2010 standard. The images display the backs of rabbits contacting the control and sample at 0, 1, 24, 48, and 72 h. (D, E) The histopathological analysis of skin with H&E staining for skin contacted with the control and sample at 72 h. (F) RGR of L929 cells for 24 h of incubation in conditioned media containing an extraction solution of raw CT and P(DAM-co-DA)-CT. Error bars indicate standard deviations (n = 3).

Fig. 5. Washing durability test of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT according to the FZ/T 73023-2006 standard. (A) Fungal anti-adhesion properties against A. niger of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT after 30 washing cycles. (B) SEM images, (C) ATR-FTIR, and (D) XPS survey spectra of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT before and after 30 successive washing cycles.

Fig. 6. UV-resistant and mechanical properties of P(DAM-co-DA)-CT. (A) T(UVA), T(UVB) and (B) UPF value of raw CT and P(DAM-co-DA)-CT. Error bars indicate standard deviations (n = 4, *** p < 0.001). (C1) Breaking strength and (C2) breaking elongation of raw CT and P(DAM-co-DA)-CT. Error bars indicate standard deviations (n = 5, * p < 0.05).