Opposite Relationship between Orientation Selection and Texture Memory in the Deformed Electrical Steel Sheets during α→γ→α Transformation

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.11.007

Abstract

Abstract:

The undesired {111} texture component for the magnetic properties mainly exists in the sheets of electrical steels by the conventional process, whereas the sheets with the non-{111} texture can be obtained by α→γ→α transformation. In this paper, we mainly investigate the opposite relationship between orientation selection and texture memory in the deformed ultra-low carbon steel sheet during α→γ→α transformation annealing. A 0.5 mm thick hot-rolled sheet is directly subjected to transformation. The result shows that the specific transformation textures are not possible to generate in the sheets without deformation. Besides, transformation annealing is conducted on the recrystallized sheets in hydrogen and vacuum, respectively. The near {100} and {110} grains have the growth advantage at the atmosphere/metal interface, and the initial ferrite textures are retained in vacuum. Cold-rolled sheets with different thicknesses are annealed for transformation in vacuum, hydrogen and nitrogen, respectively. The near {100} and {110} textures are still the preferential orientations at the atmosphere/metal interface. When the surface grains have sufficiently large growth advantage, the {111} grains developed by texture memory effect will be annexed. Otherwise, the {111} grains at the center layer of the sheets are hard to be replaced, and they are retained after α→γ→α transformation cycle. The results of deformed sheets annealed with different heating rates in hydrogen show that the growth of initial recrystallization grains has a great effect on variant selection.

Key words: Orientation selection, Texture memory, Electrical steels, α→γ→α transformation, Electron back-scatter diffraction

Zhang Louwen, Yang Ping, Mao Weimin. Opposite Relationship between Orientation Selection and Texture Memory in the Deformed Electrical Steel Sheets during α→γ→α Transformation[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(12): 1522-1530.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. The α→γ→α transformation annealing schedules of cold-rolled sheets. Left part: adopting the method of pushing samples into the tube furnace after arriving at the set temperature (above Ac3) in different atmosphere environments. For example, R1 means that the sample is heated at 960 °C with a rapid heating rate for 3 min and cooled to 800 °C with a controlled speed of 5 °C/min, 8 L/min H2. Right part: R5 represents that the sample is heated with a slow heating rate of 10 °C/min from 700 °C to 960 °C, then preserved for 3 min, and cooled to 800 °C with a controlled speed of 5 °C/min, 8 L/min H2.

Fig. 2. Orientation maps and {100} pole figures for the cross-sections through thickness of hot-rolled sheets with 0.5 mm thickness and its annealed sheet using R1 process. (a) {100} pole figure for the hot-rolled sheet. (b) {100} pole figure for the hot-rolled sheet after R1 process. (c) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z of (a). (d) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z of (b).

Fig. 3. Orientation maps and ODFs of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section for the cross-sections through thickness of 0.35 mm thick cold-rolled sheets after recrystallization annealing and subsequent R1 and R4 processes, respectively. (a) ODF for the sheet after recrystallization annealing. (b) ODF for the recrystallized sheet after subsequent R1 process. (c) ODF for the recrystallized sheet after subsequent R4 process. (d-f) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z of (a)-(c) in sequence. (The levels of contours from the outer to the inner line in the ODFs gradually increase, and the values displayed are the highest levels for certain textures.)

Fig. 4. Orientation maps and ODFs of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section for the cross-sections through thickness of cold-rolled sheets after R4 process. (a) ODF for 0.5 mm thick sheet. (b) ODF for 0.35 mm thick sheet. (c) ODF for 0.2 mm thick sheet. (d-f) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z of (a)-(c) in sequence.

Fig. 5. Orientation maps and ODFs of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section for the cross-sections through thickness of cold-rolled sheets after R1 process. (a) ODF for 0.5 mm thick sheet. (b) ODF for 0.35 mm thick sheet. (c) ODF for 0.2 mm thick sheet. (d-f) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z of (a)-(c) in sequence.

Fig. 6. Orientation map, ODF of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section and {100} pole figure for the rolling plane of 0.5 mm thick cold-rolled sheet after R1 process. (a) {100} pole figure. (b) ODF. (c) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z.

Fig. 7. Orientation maps and ODFs of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section for the cross-sections through thickness of cold-rolled sheets after R5 process. (a) ODF for 0.5 mm thick sheet. (b) ODF for 0.35 mm thick sheet. (c) ODF for 0.2 mm thick sheet. (d-f) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z of (a)-(c) in sequence.

Fig. 8. Orientation map and ODF of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section for the cross-section through thickness of a 0.5 mm thick cold-rolled sheet after R2 process. (a) ODF. (b) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z.

Fig. 9. Orientation maps and ODFs of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section for the cross-sections through thickness of cold-rolled sheets after R3 process. (a) ODF for 0.5 mm thick sheet. (b) ODF for 0.35 mm thick sheet. (c) ODF for 0.2 mm thick sheet. (d-f) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z of (a)-(c) in sequence.

Fig. 10. Orientation map and ODF of EBSD data displayed at φ2 = 45° section for the rolling plane of 0.5 mm thick cold-rolled sheet after R3 process. (a) ODF. (b) Orientation map shown in IPF-Z.

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