J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 499-506.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2016.05.007
Special Issue: 2016-2017材料模拟与计算专辑
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles
Wang Guowei1,2, Liang Jingjing1, Zhou Yizhou1,*(
), Jin Tao1, Sun Xiaofeng1, Hu Zhuangqi1
Received:2015-11-28
Revised:2016-01-29
Accepted:2016-05-06
Online:2017-05-20
Published:2017-05-17
Contact:
Zhou Yizhou
About author:These authors contributed equally to this work.
Wang Guowei, Liang Jingjing, Zhou Yizhou, Jin Tao, Sun Xiaofeng, Hu Zhuangqi. Prediction of Dendrite Orientation and Stray Grain Distribution in Laser Surface-melted Single Crystal Superalloy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(5): 499-506.
| T | Solidification temperature |
|---|---|
| T0 | Substrate temperature |
| P | Laser power |
| Vb | Velocity of laser beam |
| k | Thermal conductivity |
| α | Thermal diffusivity |
| Gsl | Thermal gradient on solidification front |
| Gx, Gy, Gz | Component of thermal gradient along x, y, z axes |
| Gd | Component of thermal gradient along dendrite growth direction |
| Vsl | Growth velocity of solid-liquid interface |
| Vd | Dendrite growth velocity along preferred orientation |
| Φ | Areal fraction of stray grains of each point in the solidification front |
| I | Intensity distribution of laser |
| Ia | Absorbed intensity distribution of laser |
| η | Laser absorptivity |
| w | Laser beam radius |
Table 1. List of symbols
| T | Solidification temperature |
|---|---|
| T0 | Substrate temperature |
| P | Laser power |
| Vb | Velocity of laser beam |
| k | Thermal conductivity |
| α | Thermal diffusivity |
| Gsl | Thermal gradient on solidification front |
| Gx, Gy, Gz | Component of thermal gradient along x, y, z axes |
| Gd | Component of thermal gradient along dendrite growth direction |
| Vsl | Growth velocity of solid-liquid interface |
| Vd | Dendrite growth velocity along preferred orientation |
| Φ | Areal fraction of stray grains of each point in the solidification front |
| I | Intensity distribution of laser |
| Ia | Absorbed intensity distribution of laser |
| η | Laser absorptivity |
| w | Laser beam radius |
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of generating finite element mesh: (a) laser beam is fully located in the weld pool; (b) part of laser beam out of weld pool.
Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of pool shape and laser scanning.
| Sample | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0 (K) | 300 | 300 | 300 |
| P (W) | 900 | 900 | 450 |
| Vb (mm/s) | 2 | 6 | 6 |
| w (mm) | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.20 |
| η | 11.4% | 11.4% | 11.4% |
Table 2. Processing parameters
| Sample | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0 (K) | 300 | 300 | 300 |
| P (W) | 900 | 900 | 450 |
| Vb (mm/s) | 2 | 6 | 6 |
| w (mm) | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.20 |
| η | 11.4% | 11.4% | 11.4% |
| Sample | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calculated width (mm) | 1.130 | 0.983 | 0.537 |
| Calculated depth (mm) | 0.307 | 0.225 | 0.137 |
| Measured width (mm) | 1.171 | 0.968 | 0.531 |
| Measured depth (mm) | 0.295 | 0.238 | 0.140 |
| Calculated error of width | 3.50% | 1.55% | 1.13% |
| Calculated error of depth | 4.07% | 5.46% | 2.14% |
Table 3. Weld pool sizes
| Sample | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calculated width (mm) | 1.130 | 0.983 | 0.537 |
| Calculated depth (mm) | 0.307 | 0.225 | 0.137 |
| Measured width (mm) | 1.171 | 0.968 | 0.531 |
| Measured depth (mm) | 0.295 | 0.238 | 0.140 |
| Calculated error of width | 3.50% | 1.55% | 1.13% |
| Calculated error of depth | 4.07% | 5.46% | 2.14% |
Fig. 3. Calculated results of sample A: (a) Gsl, (b) Vsl, (c) dendrite growth direction, (d) Gd, (e) Vd, (f) Φ. The SX has been colored with sky blue.
Fig. 4. Calculated results of sample B: (a) Gsl, (b) Vsl, (c) dendrite growth direction, (d) Gd, (e) Vd, (f) Φ. The SX has been colored with sky blue.
Fig. 5. Calculated results of sample C: (a) Gsl, (b) Vsl, (c) dendrite growth direction, (d) Gd, (e) Vd, (f) Φ. The SX has been colored with sky blue.
Fig. 6. Dendrite growth direction; the left is experimental while the right is calculated: (a) sample A, (b) sample B, (c) sample C.
Fig. 7. Measured results of EBSD: (a) sample A, (b) sample B, (c) sample C.
| Sample | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calculated entire area | 0.58% | 1.15% | 0.18% |
| Measured entire area | 8.6% | 9.6% | 4.2% |
| Calculated [ | 0.53% | 0.97% | 0.16% |
| Measured [ | 1.68% | 0.85% | 0.34% |
Table 4. Stray grain fractions
| Sample | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calculated entire area | 0.58% | 1.15% | 0.18% |
| Measured entire area | 8.6% | 9.6% | 4.2% |
| Calculated [ | 0.53% | 0.97% | 0.16% |
| Measured [ | 1.68% | 0.85% | 0.34% |
Fig. 8. Simulation of dendrite growth direction in laser deposition.
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