State-of-the-art evolution of detection, adsorption, and degradation of micro/nano-plastics

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.10.051

Abstract

Abstract: The pervasive presence of micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) in environmental and biological systems has become a global concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and associated health risks. However, reliable detection, efficient removal, and sustainable degradation of MNPs remain formidable challenges, primarily because of their nanoscale dimensions, chemical heterogeneity, and complex environmental aging. Conventional analytical techniques suffer from limited sensitivity and poor applicability in heterogeneous matrices, while current mitigation strategies often exhibit low efficiency and environmental incompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in rapid MNPs detection technologies, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering, thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy, and emerging portable sensing platforms, emphasizing high-throughput and intelligent screening. Advances in adsorption and degradation are also systematically summarized, spanning functionalized adsorbents, catalytic and plasma-assisted pathways, and enzymatic processes. The integration of machine learning with miniaturized devices is highlighted as a promising direction for real-time monitoring and large-scale remediation. By outlining existing bottlenecks and future opportunities, this review aims to guide the development of next-generation technologies for the sustainable management of plastic pollution.

Key words: Micro/nano-plastics, Rapid detection, Adsorption, Degradation, Machine learning

Yanghanbin Zhang, Chongbei Wu, Dongxiao Wen, Jiahe Peng, Qian Zhou, Xiaoyi Jiang, Yuandong Zhao, Jizhou Jiang. State-of-the-art evolution of detection, adsorption, and degradation of micro/nano-plastics[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2026, 263: 97-116.

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