Marine anti-fouling polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane/microcapsule/metal organic framework bionic coating for broad-spectrum and long-lasting protection

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.022

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2026, Vol. 250: 40-52.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.022

• Research article • Previous Articles Next Articles

Marine anti-fouling polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane/microcapsule/metal organic framework bionic coating for broad-spectrum and long-lasting protection

Jie Liu^a,c, Mingkang Rao^a, Fu Xia^a, Bo Jia^a, Nan Zheng^b,*, Hao Jiang^c, Zheng Li^c, Jiufu Lu^a,*, Wenge Li^d, Guoqing Wang^c,*

^aShaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Health Management for Aviation Components, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China;
^bQinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China;
^cState Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
^dMerchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received:2025-05-24 Revised:2025-06-21 Accepted:2025-06-21 Published:2026-04-10 Online:2025-07-13
Contact: ^*E-mail addresses: zhengnan@snut.edu.cn , zhengnan123vip@163.com (N. Zheng), jiufulu@163.com (J. Lu), wangguoqing@hainanu.edu.cn (G. Wang).

Abstract

Abstract: Bu@PGMA_m/GO microcapsules (MCs) with compact multi-shell structure, the metal-organic framework [Zn(MIBA)₂]_n, and high-strength, high-adhesion polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane (PU-^FPDMS) are successfully synthesized. By alternately spin-coating PU-^FPDMS/MCs mixture and PU-^FPDMS/ [Zn(MIBA)₂]_n mixture in sequence, a PU-^FPDMS/MCs/[Zn(MIBA)₂]_n marine anti-fouling coating with coral-like morphology is fabricated. Herein, the reactive oxygen species generated via the photocatalytic reaction of [Zn(MIBA)₂]_n exhibit inhibitory effects on biological organisms. The static contact angle and sliding angle of the PU-^FPDMS/MCs/[Zn(MIBA)₂]_n coating are 157.8° and 5.1°, respectively. After being immersed in fluorescently-labeled bovine serum albumin solution for 24 h, the coating remains free of protein coverage. The coating exhibits a 100 % antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After being immersed in algal suspensions for 30 days, the coating exhibits the lowest adhesion of Chlorella and Nitzschia closterium, with coverage percentages of 4.7 % and 4.0 %, respectively. After 5 months of marine field test, the coating still remains free of any marine fouling coverage. The coating achieves broad-spectrum and long-lasting anti-fouling performance through the synergistic effects of the robust low-surface-energy PU-^FPDMS matrix, steady-state release of Bu, photocatalysis of [Zn(MIBA)₂]_n, and the bionic surface. The PU-^FPDMS/MCs/[Zn(MIBA)₂]_n coating is anticipated to find extensive applications in anti-fouling, anti-icing, drag reduction, self-cleaning, and antibacterial domains due to its unique properties.

Key words: Marine anti-fouling, Bionic coating, Multi-strategy integrated type, Broad-spectrum and long-lasting anti-fouling

Jie Liu, Mingkang Rao, Fu Xia, Bo Jia, Nan Zheng, Hao Jiang, Zheng Li, Jiufu Lu, Wenge Li, Guoqing Wang. Marine anti-fouling polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane/microcapsule/metal organic framework bionic coating for broad-spectrum and long-lasting protection[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2026, 250: 40-52.

References

[1] H.C. Jin, L.M. Tian, W. Bing, J. Zhao, L.Q. Ren, Prog. Mater. Sci. 124(2022) 100889-100940.
[2] L.R. Chen, Y.Y. Duan, M. Cui, R.L. Huang, R.X. Su, W. Qi, Z.M. He, Sci. Total Env-iron. 766 (2021) 144469-144492.
[3] Z.X. Wang, S.S. Yao, Z.F. Han, Z. Li, Z.W. Wu, H.H. Hao, D.Q. Feng, Ecotox. En-vi-ron. Saf. 274(2024) 116187-116189.
[4] L.L. Zhou, Y.J. Huo, Y.J. Cheng, W. Guang, X.Y. Sun, W.J. Deng, J. Hu, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 11(2023) 11799-11810.
[5] Y.F. Zhang, H.M. Zhang, L.S. He, C.D. Liu, Y. Xu, P.Y. Qian, ACS Chem. Biol. 7(2012) 1049-1058.
[6] J.S. Pan, Q.M. Peng, G.L. Zhang, Q.Y. Xie, X.J. Gong, P.Y. Qian, C.F. Ma, G.Z. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 84(2021) 200-207.
[7] J.S. Pan, Q.Y. Xie, H.Y. Chiang, Q.M. Peng, P.Y. Qian, C.F. Ma, G.Z. Zhang, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 8(2020) 1671-1678.
[8] K. Mishiro, A. Sesumi, T. Fujii, T. Furuyama, M. Kunishima, Org. Lett. 26(2024) 380-384.
[9] S. Chatterjee, R. Sahoo, S. Nanda, Org. Biomol. Chem. 19(2021) 7298-7332.
[10] Y. Li, G.Q. Wang, Z.H. Guo, P.Q. Wang, A.M. Wang, Materials 13 (2020) 1669-1685.
[11] K. Wang, C.R. Zhang, T.F. Zhang, K. Wang, C.X. Wang, H.X. Sun, Surf. Interf. 69(2025) 106752-106763.
[12] N. Zheng, B. Jia, J. Liu, X.J. Wang, D. Zhang, H.R. Zhang, G.Q. Wang, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 210(2025) 265-277.
[13] M. Jabbar, M. Adnan, K. Shaker, T. Abdullah, Y. Nawab, R. Hussain, A.U. Malik, Polym. Compos. 44(2023) 4324-4335.
[14] Y.Q. Guo, S.S. Wang, H.T. Zhang, H. Guo, M.K. He, K.P. Ruan, Z. Yu, G.S. Wang, H. Qiu, J.W. Gu, Adv. Mater. 36(2024) 2404648-2404657.
[15] Q. Gao, G.C. Zhang, X. Fan, H.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, F. Huang, R.L. Xiao, X.T. Shi, J.B. Qin, Compos. Part A-Appl. S. 138(2020) 106060-106071.
[16] Y.Q. Guo, L. Zhang, K.P. Ruan, Y. Mu, M.K. He, J.W. Gu, Polymer 323 (2025) 128189-128197.
[17] H.C. Jin, L.M. Tian, W. Bing, J. Zhao, L.Q. Ren, Prog. Mater. Sci. 124(2022) 100889-100940.
[18] C. Li, J.J. Yang, W.J. He, M.Y. Xiong, X.S. Niu, X.Y. Li, D.G. Yu, Adv. Mater. Inter-faces 10 (2023) 2202160-2202182.
[19] N. Zheng, J. Liu, G.Q. Wang, P. Yao, L.H. Dang, Z. Liu, J.F. Lu, W.G. Li, Nano Res. 16(2023) 7810-7819.
[20] X. Ma, H.T. Zhang, Y.Q. Guo, M.K. He, H. Guo, Z.Y. Liu, X.R. Jing, X.X. Zheng, Y.J. Liu, S.L. Bai, X.T. Shi, J.T. Wang, J.W. Gu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 231(2025) 54-61.
[21] R.X. Xu, Z.H. Xue, D.F. Yang, X. Li, H.Q. Nie, Y.Q. Guo, H. Guo, Q.L. Yan, J.W. Gu, Adv. Funct. Mater. (2025) 2423205-2423216.
[22] X.L. He, C.Q. Cui, Y. Chen, L. Zhang, X.X. Sheng. D.L. Xie, Adv. Funct. Mater. 34(2024) 2409675-2409705.
[23] W.S.Hummers Jr, R.E. Offeman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80(1958) 1339.
[24] N. Zheng, L. Qiao, J. Liu, J.F. Lu, W.G. Li, C.M. Li, Q. Liu, Y. Xue, Q.Y. Zhang, Compos. Commun. 12(2019) 26-32.
[25] J. Liu, X.L. Fan, Y. Xue, Y.B. Liu, L.X. Song, R.M. Wang, H.P. Zhang, Q.Y. Zhang, New J. Chem. 42(2018) 6457-6463.
[26] J. Liu, N. Zheng, Z.L. Li, Z. Liu, G.Q. Wang, L.S. Gui, J. Lin, Adv. Compos. Hybrid. Mater. 5(2022) 1899-1909.
[27] Y.B. Liu, Y. Tian, J. Chen, H.M. Gu, J. Liu, R.M. Wang, B.L. Zhang, H.P. Zhang, Q.Y. Zhang, Colloid. Surface A 588 (2020) 124384-124394.
[28] Z.M. Tong, F. Gao, S.F. Chen, L.N. Song, J.K. Hu, Y. Hou, J.G. Lu, Michael K H Le-ung, X.L. Zhan, Q.H. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 36(2024) 2308972-2308983.
[29] Q. Yang, M.L. Gao, W.L. Zang, Colloids Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 520 (2017) 805-816.
[30] I.S. Hwang, C.W. Park, H.I. Kang, S.Y. Joe, N.Y. Pak, D.W. Chung, Appl. Sci. 11(2021) 2-12.
[31] Z.H. Liu, X.Y. Zheng, H.W. Zhang, W.Y. Li, R.J. Jiang, X. Zhou, J. Mater. Sci. 57(2022) 18221-18242.
[32] Y. Zhang, P. Ju, N. Wang, C.H. Chang, K.P. Dou, X.F. Zhai, J.Z. Duan, B.R. Hou, Appl. Surf. Sci. 653(2024) 159353-159366.
[33] C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H.C. Shen, D.M. Shuai, X.Y. Xiong, Y. Wang, H.J. Huang, Y. Li, J. Cleaner Prod. 428(2023) 139430-139446.
[34] J. Sedigheh, G. Ali, New J. Chem. 44(2020) 19820-19826.
[35] J.F. Lu, J. Song, M.L. Liu, C.B. Zhao, S.B. Guo, Q. Liu, P. Huang, Q. Wang, X.H. Yu, L. X. Jin, H.G. Ge, Polyhedron 196 (2021) 114922-114929.
[36] C.R. Ye, W.J. Wang, W. Chen, Y.H. Xiao, H.F. Zhang, B.L. Dai, S.H. Chen, X. D. Wu, M. Li, X.C. Huang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(2021) 23590-23595.
[37] H.T. Zhang, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Z. Zhao, Q.Y. Zhu, M.K. He, H. Guo, X.T. Shi, K.P. Ruan, J. Kong, J.W. Gu, Huang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64 (2025) 202500173-202500184.
[38] S.H. Tu, L.L. Zhang, W.Z. Zhang, J. Feng, Small 21 (2025) 2410171-2410183.
[39] W. Tian, H.R. Xu, Z.L. Guo, H.T. Yu, Y.Q. Shang, L.M. Tian, Prog. Org. Coat. 179(2023) 107515-107528.
[40] S.H. Wang, D.Y. Feng, Z.M. Zhang, X. Liu, K.P. Ruan, Y.Q. Guo, J.W. Gu, Chin J. Polym. Sci. 42(2024) 897-906.
[41] H.H. Zhan, W.J. Cheng, F.X. Liu, C.G. Yang, Y.D. Wang, K. Yan, K. Liu, D. Wang, W.W. Wang, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 690(2025) 137361-137371.
[42] H.Y. Zhou, P.P. Cao, J.B. Li, F.L. Zhang, P.P. Ding, J. Appl. Polym.Sci. 26(2015) 1-8.
[43] A. Navideh, Z. Nader, S. Mohammadali, K. Smaine, S. Erfan, T. Abbas, B. Farid, J. Appl. Polym.Sci. 138(2021) 50083-50097.
[44] N.N. Li, C.P. Fu, L.M. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 36 (2014) 287-293.
[45] Y. Fu, W.J. Kao, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 7 (2010) 429-444.
[46] X.B. Li, B.B. Kang, F. Dong, Z.Q. Zhang, X.D. Luo, L. Han, J.T. Huang, Z.J. Feng, Z. Chen, J.L. Xu, B.L. Peng, Z.L. Wang, Nano Energy 81 (2021) 105671-105707.
[47] M. Zhang, Y.Y. Dong, M.L. Peng, X.B. Chen, Q.F. Zheng, J.M. Liao, W. Chen, Sep. Purif. Technol. 322(2023) 124294-124331.
[48] L. Wang, L. Lang, X.F. Hu, T.T. Gao, M.K. He, H. Qiu, X.H. Ji, H. Guo, Y.L. Zhang, S. Huang, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 224(2025) 46-55.
[49] C.X. Wang, Z.G. Zhao, S.T. Zhou, L. Wang, X.Y. Liu, R. Xue, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 213(2025) 162-173.
[50] S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X.Y. Zhang, C. Yu, K.X. Xu, J.B. Qin, G.C. Zhang, X.T. Shi, Addit. Manuf. 83(2025) 104062-104072.
[51] L.J. Zeng, B. Xue, C.M. Wu, W. Qi, P. Ai, L. Xie, Q. Zheng, Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. 1(2024) 19-34.
[52] Q.H. Weng, L. Zhang, X.X. Sheng, D.L. Xie, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 215(2025) 22-35.
[53] R.Q. Guo, C.Y. Ding, Y. Liu, X.L. Cheng, L. Zhang, W.L. Zhao, X.X. Sheng, Polymer 319 (2025) 128048-128060.
[54] M.D. Zhang, F. Zhou, Y.J. Wu, Q.Z. Wang, Z.F. Zhou, Surf. Coat. Technol. 441(2022) 5-9.
[55] C.T. Du, W. Wang, Z.H. Guo, P. Wang, S.G. Chen, Compos. Part B-Eng. 274(2024) 111255-111271.
[56] X.Y. Wang, S.N. Li, P. Chen, F.X. Li, X.M. Hu, T. Hua, Mater.Today Chem. 23(2022) 100650-100662.
[57] P.S. Ahmed, K. Tushar, K. Vinay, S. Ravi, ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 4(2021) 8060-8079.
[58] Z.Q. Yu, X.Y. Li, Z.X. Wang, Y.Q. Fan, W.J. Zhao, D.Z. Li, D.K. Xu, Adv. Mater. 36(2024) 240709-240723.

Marine anti-fouling polyurethane-fluorinated polysiloxane/microcapsule/metal organic framework bionic coating for broad-spectrum and long-lasting protection

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 1

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments