Novel zirconia ceramics for dental implant materials

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.05.041

Abstract

Abstract: Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Ce-TZP) has become an interesting alternative for the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP), whereas efforts are needed to control its microstructure in order to improve the strength of Ce-TZP ceramics. In this work, CaO was used to co-dope Ce-TZP ceramics. More specifically, 0.2-2.0 mol% Ca(NO₃)₃·4H₂O precursor-based CaO was used to dope 10 mol% ceria-stabilized zirconia. Sintering was performed at 1300, 1350, or 1400 °C, which is lower than the temperatures commonly applied for zirconia ceramics. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated and correlated, revealing that 0.2 mol% CaO-doped CeO₂-stabilised zirconia sintered at 1350 °C exhibited a fully dense fine-grained tetragonal ZrO₂ microstructure with high toughness (10.4 MPa m^1/2) and biaxial bending strength (1210 ± 43 MPa), and a narrow strength distribution (weibull modulus of 32.5). 1.5 and 2.0 mol% CaO-doping resulted in excellent biaxial bending strength but wider strength distribution and lower fracture resistance. The homogeneously distributed Ca(NO₃)₃·4H₂O precursor prevented cubic zirconia-phase formation for CaO-doping up to 2.0 mol%. CaO-doped (≥ 0.2 mol%) 10Ce-TZP sintered at 1350 °C also highly resisted hydrothermal degradation. Furthermore, CaO-doping enabled to make Ce-TZP ceramics as translucent as different commercially available 3Y-TZP ceramics, opening possibilities to use Ce-TZP for dental restorations.

Key words: Ceria-stabilized zirconia, Dental implant, Transformation toughening, Strength reliability, Hydrothermal aging

Maoyin Li, Stevan Cokic, Bart Van Meerbeek, Jef Vleugels, Fei Zhang. Novel zirconia ceramics for dental implant materials[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2025, 210: 97-108.

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